knowing

Defined in 3 places across 3 titles of the United States Code.

For purposes of subparagraph (A) the term “knowing” means the having of—

(i) actual knowledge; or

(ii) the constructive knowledge deemed to be possessed by a reasonable individual who acts under similar circumstances.

Source

1994–present 15 U.S.C. § 3414Commerce and Trade · Enforcement · under this chapter

Knowing and Knowingly Defined.—For purposes of this section, the terms “knowing” and “knowingly” mean that a person, with respect to information—

(1) has actual knowledge of the information;

(2) acts in deliberate ignorance of the truth or falsity of the information; or

(3) acts in reckless disregard of the truth or falsity of the information,

and no proof of specific intent to defraud is required.

Source

1994–2009 31 U.S.C. § 3729Money and Finance · False claims · for purposes of this section

the term “knowing” means having actual knowledge of or acting with deliberate ignorance of or reckless disregard for the prohibitions under this section.

Source

1997–present 42 U.S.C. § 1437ZThe Public Health and Welfare · Civil money penalties against section 1437f owners · in this section

the terms “knowing” and “knowingly”—

(A) mean that a person, with respect to information—

(i) has actual knowledge of the information;

(ii) acts in deliberate ignorance of the truth or falsity of the information; or

(iii) acts in reckless disregard of the truth or falsity of the information; and

(B) require no proof of specific intent to defraud;

Source

2009–present 31 U.S.C. § 3729Money and Finance · False claims · for purposes of this section