Willfully

The word often denotes an act which is intentional, or knowing, or voluntary, as distinguished from accidental. But, when used in a criminal statute, it generally means an act done with a bad purpose; without justifiable excuse; stubbornly, obstinately, perversely. The word is also employed to characterize a thing done without ground for believing it is lawful, or conduct marked by careless disregard whether or not one has the right so to act.

Intentionally. In charging certain offenses, it is required that they should be stated to be willfully done. Archb. Grim. PI. 51, 58; Leach, C. C. 5E6. In Pennsylvania, it has been decided that the word "maliciously" was an equivalent for the word "willfully," in an indictment for arson. 5 Whart. (Pa.) 427. See "Willful."

Intentionally. In charging certain offences, it is required that they should be stated to he wilfully done. Archb. Cr. PI. 51, 58. In an indictment charging a wilful killing, it means intentionally and not by accident; State v. Schaefer, 11G Mo. 96, 22 S. W. 447. It is distinguished from maliciously in not implying an evil mind; L. R. 2 Cr. Cas. Res. 1G1. It is synonymous with intentionally, designedly, without lawful excuse, and, therefore, not accidentally. Miller v. State (Okl.) 130 Pac. 813. It implies that the act is done knowingly and of stubborn purpose, but not with malice; State v. Swairn, 97 N. C. 465, 2 S. E. 68; 98 Cal. 268, 33 Pac. 93; or with a bad purpose; Com. v. Kneeland, 20 Pick. (Mass.) 220, quoted in Potter v. U. S., 155 U. S. 440, 15 Sup. Ct. 144, 39 L. Ed. 214. It is frequently understood as signifying an evil intent without Justifiable excuse; 1 Blsh. Cr. Law 428. A wilful act is one that is done knowingly and purposely, with the direct object in view of injuring another; Hazle v. So. Pac. Co., 173 Fed. 431. A “ wilful'* violation of a factory act is established by proof of any conscious knowing or intentional failure to comply therewith, though there be no wrongful intent; Roberts, J. & R. S. Co. v. Dower, 208 Fed. 270, 125