Actual fraud is always a question of fact.
Cal. Civ. Code § 1574
Consent
Applied in 22 court decisions — leading case Miller v. Fairchild Industries, Inc. (1989)
Most recently applied in Copart, Inc. v. Sparta Consulting, Inc. (September 2017)
Enacted 1872.
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Official source: California Legislative Information. Reproduced from public-domain California statutes; confirm against the official source for the current text. Not legal advice.