One who willfully deceives another with intent to induce him to alter his position to his injury or risk, is liable for any damage which he thereby suffers.
Cal. Civ. Code § 1709
OBLIGATIONS IMPOSED BY LAW
Applied in 161 court decisions — leading case 7 Cal. 4th 503 - Applied Equipment Corp. v. Litton Saudi Arabia Ltd. (1994)
Most recently applied in Pool v. F. Hoffman-La Roche, Ltd. (May 2019)
Enacted 1872.
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Official source: California Legislative Information. Reproduced from public-domain California statutes; confirm against the official source for the current text. Not legal advice.