One who practices a deceit with intent to defraud the public, or a particular class of persons, is deemed to have intended to defraud every individual in that class, who is actually misled by the deceit.
Cal. Civ. Code § 1711
OBLIGATIONS IMPOSED BY LAW
Applied in 7 court decisions — leading case 20 Cal. 2d 713 - Wennerholm v. Stanford University School of Medicine (1942)
Most recently applied in 45 Cal. App. 3d 214 - Block v. Tobin (February 1975)
Enacted 1872.
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Official source: California Legislative Information. Reproduced from public-domain California statutes; confirm against the official source for the current text. Not legal advice.