No unauthorized act can be made valid, retroactively, to the prejudice of third persons, without their consent.
Cal. Civ. Code § 2313
Authority of Agents
Applied in 7 court decisions — leading case 5 Cal. 2d 35 - Texas Co. v. Bank of America National Trust & Savings Ass'n (1935)
Most recently applied in Karim v. Hewlett-Packard Co. (December 2015)
Enacted 1872.
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Official source: California Legislative Information. Reproduced from public-domain California statutes; confirm against the official source for the current text. Not legal advice.