In the absence of fraud, every contract of a debtor is valid against all his creditors, existing or subsequent, who have not acquired a lien on the property affected by such contract.
Cal. Civ. Code § 3431
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Applied in 7 court decisions — leading case 64 Cal. App. 2d 567 - United States Fidelity & Guaranty Co. v. Posted (1944)
Most recently applied in 35 Cal. App. 3d 141 - Commons v. Schine (November 1973)
Enacted 1872.
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Official source: California Legislative Information. Reproduced from public-domain California statutes; confirm against the official source for the current text. Not legal advice.