In the case provided for in subdivision (c) of Section 47, malice is not inferred from the communication.
Cal. Civ. Code § 48
PERSONAL RIGHTS
Applied in 6 court decisions — leading case 169 Cal. App. 4th 728 - Hailstone v. Martinez (2008)
Most recently applied in Narayan v. Compass Grp. USA, Inc. (February 2018)
Amended by Stats. 2003, Ch. 62, Sec. 11
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Official source: California Legislative Information. Reproduced from public-domain California statutes; confirm against the official source for the current text. Not legal advice.