Except as provided by statute, the testimony of a subscribing witness is not required to authenticate a writing.
Cal. Evid. Code § 1411
Means of Authenticating and Proving Writings
Applied in 3 court decisions — leading case 152 Cal. App. 3d 302 - Estate of Lopes (1984)
Most recently applied in Hart v. Keenan Props., Inc. (October 2018)
Enacted by Stats. 1965, Ch. 299.
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Official source: California Legislative Information. Reproduced from public-domain California statutes; confirm against the official source for the current text. Not legal advice.