Whenever a party has, by his own statement or conduct, intentionally and deliberately led another to believe a particular thing true and to act upon such belief, he is not, in any litigation arising out of such statement or conduct, permitted to contradict it.
Cal. Evid. Code § 623
Conclusive Presumptions
Applied in 69 court decisions — leading case 3 Cal. 3d 462 - City of Long Beach v. Mansell (1970)
Most recently applied in Harper Constr. Co. v. Nat'l Union Fire Ins. Co. of Pittsburgh (March 2019)
Enacted by Stats. 1965, Ch. 299.
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Official source: California Legislative Information. Reproduced from public-domain California statutes; confirm against the official source for the current text. Not legal advice.