At the trial of an action, a witness can be heard only in the presence and subject to the examination of all the parties to the action, if they choose to attend and examine.
Cal. Evid. Code § 711
Oath and Confrontation
Applied in 11 court decisions — leading case People v. St. Andrew (1980)
Most recently applied in 33 Cal. 4th 601 - Kulshrestha v. First Union Commercial Corp. (July 2004)
Enacted by Stats. 1965, Ch. 299.
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Official source: California Legislative Information. Reproduced from public-domain California statutes; confirm against the official source for the current text. Not legal advice.