“Shall” is mandatory and “may” is permissive.
Cal. Gov. Code § 14
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Known as the Government Code
The act spans §§ 1 to 26 (35 sections).
Applied in 42 court decisions — leading case 55 Cal. 2d 626 - Walker v. County of Los Angeles (1961)
Most recently applied in 238 Cal. App. 4th 370 - Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. 6354 Figarden General Partnership (July 2015)
Enacted by Stats. 1943, Ch. 134.
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Official source: California Legislative Information. Reproduced from public-domain California statutes; confirm against the official source for the current text. Not legal advice.