The witnesses must be examined in the presence of the defendant, and may be cross-examined in his behalf.
Cal. Penal Code § 865
Examination of the Case, and Discharge of the Defendant, or Holding Him to Answer
Applied in 8 court decisions — leading case 8 Cal. 3d 77 - Theodor v. Superior Court (1972)
Most recently applied in People v. Partlow (September 1978)
Enacted 1872.
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Official source: California Legislative Information. Reproduced from public-domain California statutes; confirm against the official source for the current text. Not legal advice.