“Shall” is mandatory and “may” is permissive.
Cal. Pub. Util. Code § 14
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Known as the Public Utilities Code
The act spans §§ 1–22 (23 sections).
Applied in 4 court decisions — leading case 12 Cal. 3d 1 - Waters v. Pacific Telephone Co. (1974)
Most recently applied in 16 Cal. 4th 90 - People v. Ledesma (July 1997)
Enacted by Stats. 1951, Ch. 764.
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Official source: California Legislative Information. Reproduced from public-domain California statutes; confirm against the official source for the current text. Not legal advice.