Massachusetts Chapter 156D — Business Corporations

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Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 1.01— Short Title
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 1.02— Reservation of power to amend or repeal
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 1.20— Filing requirements
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 1.21— Forms
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 1.22— Filing, service and copying fees
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 1.23— Effective time and date of document
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 1.24— Correcting filed document
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 1.25— Filing duty of secretary of state
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 1.26— Appeal from secretary of state's refusal to file document
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 1.27— Evidentiary effect of copy of filed document
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 1.28— Certificates regarding corporations
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 1.29— Penalty for signing false document
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 1.30— Powers
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 1.40— Chapter definitions
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 1.41— Notice
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 1.42— Number of shareholders
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 1.50— Interpretation of chapter
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 2.01— Incorporators
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 2.02— Articles of organization
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 2.03— Incorporation
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 2.04— Liability for pre-incorporation transactions
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 2.05— Organization of corporation
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 2.06— Bylaws
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 2.07— Emergency bylaws
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 3.01— Purposes
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 3.02— General powers
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 3.03— Emergency powers
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 3.04— Ultra vires
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 4.01— Corporate name
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 4.02— Reserved name
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 5.01— Registered office and registered agent
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 5.02— Change of registered office or registered agent
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 5.03— Resignation of registered agent
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 5.04— Service on corporation
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 6.01— Authorized shares
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 6.02— Determination of terms of class or series
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 6.03— Issued and outstanding shares
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 6.04— Fractional shares
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 6.20— Subscription for shares before incorporation
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 6.21— Issuance of shares
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 6.22— Liability of shareholders
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 6.23— Share dividends
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 6.24— Share options
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 6.25— Form and content of certificates
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 6.26— Shares without certificates
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 6.27— Restriction on transfer of shares and other securities
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 6.30— Shareholders' preemptive rights
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 6.31— Corporation's acquisition of its own shares
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 6.40— Distributions to shareholders
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 6.41— Liability for improper distributions
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.01— Annual meeting
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.02— Special meeting
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.03— Court-ordered meeting
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.04— Action without meeting
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.05— Notice of meeting
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.06— Waiver of notice
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.07— Record date
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.08— Meetings by remote communications; remote participation in meetings
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.20— Shareholders list for meeting
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.21— Voting entitlement of shares
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.22— Proxies
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.23— Shares held by nominees
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.24— Corporation's acceptance of votes
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.25— Quorum and voting requirements for voting groups
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.26— Action by single and multiple voting groups
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.27— Greater or lesser quorum or voting requirements for shareholders
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.28— Voting for directors; cumulative voting
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.29— Form of shareholder action
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.30— Voting trusts
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.31— Voting agreements
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.32— Shareholder agreements
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.40— Subdivision definitions
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.41— Standing
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.42— Demand
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.43— Stay of proceedings
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.44— Dismissal
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.45— Discontinuance or settlement
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.46— Payment of expenses
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 7.47— Applicability to foreign corporations
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.01— Requirement for and duties of board of directors
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.02— Qualifications of directors
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.03— Number and election of directors
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.04— Election of directors by certain classes of shareholders
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.05— Terms of directors generally
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.06— Staggered terms for directors
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.07— Resignation of directors
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.08— Removal of directors
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.09— [There is no 156D:8.09.]
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.10— Vacancy on board
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.11— Compensation of directors
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.20— Meetings
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.21— Action without meeting
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.22— Notice of meeting
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.23— Waiver of notice
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.24— Quorum and voting
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.25— Committees
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.30— General standards for directors
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.31— Director conflict of interest
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.32— Loans to directors
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.40— Required officers
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.41— Duties of officers
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.42— Standards of conduct for officers
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.43— Resignation and removal of officers
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.44— Contract rights of officers
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.45— Certificate of change in officers or directors
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.46— Instruments affecting real estate
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.50— Subdivision definitions
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.51— Permissible indemnification
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.52— Mandatory indemnification
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.53— Advance for expenses
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.54— Court-ordered indemnification and advance for expenses
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.55— Determination and authorization of indemnification
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.56— Officers
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.57— Insurance
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.58— Variation by corporate action; application of subchapter
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 8.59— Exclusivity of subdivision
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 9.20— Domestication
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 9.21— Action on a plan of domestication
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 9.22— Articles of domestication
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 9.23— Surrender of charter upon domestication
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 9.24— Effect of domestication
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 9.25— Abandonment of a domestication
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 9.30— Nonprofit conversion
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 9.31— Action on a plan of nonprofit conversion
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 9.32— Articles of nonprofit conversion
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 9.33— Surrender of charter upon foreign nonprofit conversion
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 9.34— Effect of nonprofit conversion
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 9.35— Abandonment of a nonprofit conversion
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 9.40— Foreign nonprofit domestication and conversion
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 9.41— Articles of domestication and conversion
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 9.42— Effect of foreign nonprofit domestication and conversion
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 9.43— Abandonment of a foreign nonprofit domestication and conversion
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 9.50— Entity conversion authorized; definitions
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 9.51— Plan of entity conversion
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 9.52— Action on a plan of entity conversion
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 9.53— Articles of entity conversion
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 9.54— Surrender of charter upon conversion
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 9.55— Effect of entity conversion
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 9.56— Abandonment of an entity conversion
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 10.01— Authority to amend
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 10.02— Amendment before issuance of shares
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 10.03— Amendment by board of directors and shareholders; exception
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 10.04— Voting on amendments by voting groups
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 10.05— Amendment by board of directors
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 10.06— Articles of amendment
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 10.07— Restated articles of organization
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 10.08— Effect of amendment
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 10.20— Amendment by board of directors or shareholders
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 10.21— Bylaw dealing with quorum or voting requirements for shareholders
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 10.22— Bylaw dealing with quorum or voting requirements for board of directors
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 11.01— Definitions
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 11.02— Merger
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 11.03— Share exchange
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 11.04— Action on a plan of merger or share exchange
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 11.05— Merger between parent and subsidiary or between subsidiaries
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 11.06— Articles of merger or share exchange
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 11.07— Effect of merger or share exchange
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 11.08— Abandonment of a merger or share exchange
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 12.01— Sale of assets in regular course of business and mortgage of assets
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 12.02— Sale of assets other than in regular course of business
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 13.01— Definitions
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 13.02— Right to appraisal
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 13.03— Assertion of rights by nominees and beneficial owners
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 13.20— Notice of appraisal rights
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 13.21— Notice of intent to demand payment
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 13.22— Appraisal notice and form
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 13.23— Perfection of rights; right to withdraw
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 13.24— Payment
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 13.25— After-acquired shares
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 13.26— Procedure if shareholder dissatisfied with payment or offer
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 13.30— Court action
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 13.31— Court costs and counsel fees
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 14.01— Dissolution by incorporators or initial directors
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 14.02— Dissolution by board of directors and shareholders, or otherwise in accordance with articles of organization
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 14.03— Articles of dissolution
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 14.04— Revocation of dissolution
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 14.05— Effect of dissolution
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 14.06— Known non-contingent claims against dissolved corporation
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 14.07— Unknown claims against dissolved corporation
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 14.08— Creation of reserves as adequate provision for unasserted product liability claims and known contingent claims against dissolved corporation
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 14.09— Enforcement of claims against dissolved corporation
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 14.20— Grounds for administrative dissolution
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 14.21— Procedure for and effect of administrative dissolution
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 14.22— Reinstatement following administrative dissolution
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 14.23— Appeal from denial of reinstatement
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 14.30— Grounds for judicial dissolution
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 14.31— Procedure for judicial dissolution
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 14.32— Receivership or custodianship
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 14.33— Decree of dissolution
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 14.34— Reorganization under a statute of the United States; effectuation
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 14.40— Deposit with treasurer of the commonwealth
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 15.01— Authority to transact business required
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 15.02— Consequences of transacting business without authority
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 15.03— Delivering certificate by foreign corporation
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 15.04— Amended certificate
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 15.05— Effect of filing of certificate
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 15.06— Corporate name of foreign corporation
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 15.07— Registered office and registered agent of foreign corporation
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 15.08— Change of registered office or registered agent of foreign corporation
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 15.09— Resignation of registered agent of foreign corporation
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 15.10— Liability to be sued; service on foreign corporation
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 15.11— False reports or statements
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 15.20— Withdrawal of foreign corporation
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 15.21— Automatic withdrawal upon certain conversions
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 15.22— Withdrawal upon conversion to a nonfiling entity
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 15.23— Transfer of authority
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 15.30— Grounds for revocation
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 15.31— Procedure for and effect of revocation
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 15.32— Appeal from revocation
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 16.01— Corporate records
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 16.02— Inspection of records by shareholders
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 16.03— Scope of inspection right
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 16.04— Court-ordered inspection
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 16.05— Inspection of records by directors
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 16.06— Exception to notice requirement; consequences of inability to deliver notice
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 16.20— Financial statement for shareholders
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 16.21— By-law amendments
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 16.22— Annual report for secretary of state
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 17.01— Application to existing domestic corporations
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 17.02— Application to qualified foreign corporations
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 17.03— Saving provisions
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156D, § 17.04— Severability