Mo. Rev. Stat. § 30.030

If the state treasurer fails to give the bond required in section 30.020 within sixty days after he receives his certificate of election or appointment or fails to renew the bond in accordance with the provisions of section 30.020 within thirty days after the time prescribed by law for renewal, or if the bond is not approved by the governor, then twenty days after the refusal of the governor to approve the bond, his office shall be ipso facto forfeited and the governor shall take possession and supervise the business of the office until the vacancy is filled in the manner prescribed in section 30.070.