Mo. Rev. Stat. § 533.220

If the sheriff, or other officer, fail to take or return a bond, as required by law, or if the bond taken is adjudged insufficient at the term next after the same was taken, and be not made sufficient as herein provided, he and his sureties shall be liable to the party injured for all damages by him sustained, to be recovered by civil action, or by civil action on the officer's official bond.