A civil action may be brought in the name of the state against:
(1) a person who usurps, intrudes into, or unlawfully holds or exercises a public office, civil or military, or a franchise within this state or an office in a corporation created by the authority of this state;
(2) a public officer, civil or military, who does or suffers an act that, by the provisions of law, works a forfeiture of office;
(3) an association of persons who act as a corporation within this state without being legally incorporated.