One who practices a deceit with intent to defraud the public or a particular class of persons is deemed to have intended to defraud every individual in that class who actually is misled by the deceit.
N.D. Cent. Code § 9-10-04
Intent to defraud - Presumption
Official source: North Dakota Legislative Branch. Reproduced from public-domain North Dakota statutes; confirm against the official source for the current text. Not legal advice.