An action may be brought by any state's attorney in the name of the state, upon his own information or upon the complaint of a private party, or an action may be brought by any person who has a special interest in the action, on leave granted by the circuit court or judge thereof, against the party offending in the following cases:
(1) When any person shall usurp, intrude into, or unlawfully hold or exercise any public office, civil or military, or any franchise within this state, or any office in a corporation created by the authority of this state;
(2) When any public officer, civil or military, shall have done or suffered an act which, by the provisions of law, shall make a forfeiture of his office;
(3) When any association or number of persons shall act within this state as a corporation, without being duly incorporated.