United States Reports

303 Creative LLC v. Elenis, 600 U.S. 570 (2023), is a United States Supreme Court decision that dealt with the intersection of anti-discrimination law in public accommodations and the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. In a 6–3 decision, the Court ruled in favor of a website designer, ruling that the state of Colorado cannot compel the designer to create work that violates her values. The case follows from Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission, 584 U.S. 617 (2018), which had dealt with similar conflict between free speech rights and Colorado's anti-discrimination laws but had been decided on narrower grounds. Both Masterpiece Cakeshop and 303 Creative involved questions of whether a U.S.

Allen v. Milligan, 599 U.S. 1 (2023), is a United States Supreme Court case related to redistricting under the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (VRA). The appellees and respondents argued that Alabama's congressional districts drawn after the 2020 census discriminated against African-American voters by having only one majority-minority district. The Court ruled 5–4 that Alabama's districts likely violated the VRA, and maintained an injunction that required Alabama to create an additional majority-minority district. On remand to the state, the legislature passed a new map in 2023 that still had only one majority-minority district while increasing the minority representation in another.

Dubin v. United States, 599 U.S. 110 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case pertaining to a provision of Title 18 of the United States Code. In the case, the Court settled a circuit split regarding the reach of the federal aggravated identity theft statute.

Jack Daniel's Properties, Inc. v. VIP Products LLC, 599 U.S. 140 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that, when an alleged infringer uses a trademark as a designation of source for the infringer's own goods, the Rogers test does not apply. The case deals with a dog toy shaped similar to a Jack Daniel's whiskey bottle and label, but with parody elements, which Jack Daniel's asserted violated trademark law. The Court held in favor of Jack Daniel's because the toy company used its parody as its trademark, and the court left the Rogers test on parody intact.

Health & Hospital Corp. of Marion County v. Talevski, 599 U.S. 166 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case related to private enforcement of Spending Clause statutes. It relates to whether third parties can initiate lawsuits against public institutions for violations of Congressional spending bills under claims of Section 1983, which was established to protect individual rights from constitutional violations from public institutions.

Smith v. United States, 599 U.S. 236 (2023), is a United States Supreme Court case pertaining to Article III and the Sixth Amendment. The Court held that a defendant may be retried following a jury trial conducted in the improper venue before a jury drawn from the incorrect district.

2. Petitioners’ anticommandeering challenges, which address three categories of ICWA provisions, are rejected.

Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians v. Coughlin, 599 U.S. 382 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case which determined that Native Americans Tribes are not immune from the automatic stay of the Bankruptcy Code.

United States ex rel. Polansky v. Executive Health Resources, Inc., 599 U.S. 419 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that in a qui tam action filed under the False Claims Act, the United States may move to dismiss whenever it has intervened – whether during the seal period or later on. In assessing a motion to dismiss an FCA action over a relator's objection, district courts should apply Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(a), the rule generally governing voluntary dismissal of suits in ordinary civil litigation.

Lora v. United States, 599 U.S. 453 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case regarding Title 18 of the United States Code, the main federal criminal code of the United States. The Court held that a provision of one subsection of Title 18 barring concurrent sentences does not govern sentences pursuant to a different part of the same section.

Jones v. Hendrix, 599 U.S. 465 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case related to habeas corpus.

Yegiazaryan v. Smagin, 599 U.S. 533 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case. The Court decided how the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act applied to extraterritorial claims of damage to intangible property.

Arizona v. Navajo Nation, 599 U.S. 555 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case which determined that the Treaty of Bosque Redondo did not require the U.S. Government to take affirmative steps to secure water for the Navajo Nation.

Pugin v. Garland, 599 U.S. 600 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that an offense may "relate to" obstruction of justice under the Immigration and Nationality Act even if the offense does not require that an investigation or proceeding be pending.

Samia v. United States, 599 U.S. 635 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case related to the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

United States v. Texas, 599 U.S. 670 (2023), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that Texas and Louisiana did not have Article III standing to challenge a Biden administration policy prioritizing "the apprehension and deportation of three specific groups of people: suspected terrorists, non-citizens who have committed crimes, and those caught recently at the border." In 2025, President Trump signed the Laken Riley Act which "authorizes state governments to sue for injunctive relief over certain immigration-related decisions or alleged failures by the federal government if the decision or failure caused the state or its residents harm, including financial harm of more than $100".

Coinbase, Inc. v. Bielski, 599 U.S. 736 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a federal district court must stay its proceedings while an interlocutory appeal on the question of arbitrability is ongoing.

United States v. Hansen, 599 U.S. 762 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case about whether a federal law that criminalizes encouraging or inducing illegal immigration is unconstitutionally overbroad, violating the First Amendment right to free speech.

Arellano v. McDonough, 598 U. S. 1 (2023), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that 38 U.S.C. § 5110(b)(1), a provision relating to VA disability compensations, is not subject to equitable tolling.

Cruz v. Arizona, 598 U.S. 17 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case related to habeas corpus.

Helix Energy Solutions Group, Inc. v. Hewitt, 598 U.S. 39 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that, regardless of income level, workers are not considered salaried unless the conditions set out in the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 are met.

Bartenwerfer v. Buckley, 598 U.S. 69 (2023), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that debts incurred by fraud cannot be discharged in bankruptcy, regardless of whether the debtor committed the fraud.

Bittner v. United States, 598 U.S. 85 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case related to the penalty for multiple failures to report a foreign bank account. After the fall of communism in Romania, Alexandru Bittner, a naturalized American citizen, returned to his native country and became a businessman, but failed to report his foreign bank accounts to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), as required by the Bank Secrecy Act. He later filed corrected reports for 2007-2011. Under statutory law, the government is authorized to fine a maximum penalty of $10,000 for non-willful failure to report a foreign bank account. Because the number of accounts over 5 years totaled 272, the government sought to fine Mr. Bittner $2.72 million.

Delaware v. Pennsylvania, 598 U.S. 115 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case related to unclaimed money and check escheatment. This case was Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson's first majority opinion on the Supreme Court. It was also the first case the Supreme Court had taken on unclaimed property in over 30 years.

Luna Perez v. Sturgis Public Schools, 598 U.S. 142 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court decision in which the Court held that an Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) lawsuit seeking compensatory damages for denial of a Free and Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) can proceed without exhausting the administrative procedures of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), because compensatory damages are not available under IDEA. This case holds significant implications for disabled students who allege they were failed by school officials.

Wilkins v. United States, 598 U.S. 152, is a United States Supreme Court case that revolves around the dispute over the public use of Robbins Gulch Road, which serves as an access point to the Bitterroot National Forest in western Montana. The issue stems from the government's decision to allow public access to the road, resulting in disturbances and adverse effects on the adjacent private properties owned by Wilkins and other residents in the area.

Axon Enterprise, Inc. v. Federal Trade Commission, 598 U.S. 175 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that the statutory review schemes set out in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 do not displace a district court's federal-question jurisdiction over claims challenging as unconstitutional the structure or existence of the SEC or FTC.

New York v New Jersey, 598 U.S. 218 (2023), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that New Jersey had the right to unilaterally withdraw from the Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor.

Reed v. Goertz, 598 U.S. 230 (2023), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that, when a prisoner pursues state post-conviction DNA testing through the state-provided litigation process, the statute of limitations for a Section 1983 procedural due process claim begins to run when the state litigation ends.

Ciminelli v. United States, 598 U.S. 306 (2023), is a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States that rejected the "right-to-control" theory as a valid basis for convictions under the federal wire fraud statute, 18 U.S.C. § 1343. In the six months after the Ciminelli decision, two out of twelve appeals up to that point making arguments based on it succeeded.

Percoco v. United States, 598 U.S. 319, is a 2023 United States Supreme Court case regarding the federal honest services fraud statute. In the case, the Court held that a private citizen with significant influence over government decision-making cannot be convicted of honest services fraud for actions taken while not holding public office.

Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico v. Centro de Periodismo Investigativo, Inc., 598 U.S. 339 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that nothing in the Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act categorically nullified any sovereign immunity the Board enjoyed from legal claims. The Court assumed without deciding that Puerto Rico was immune from suit in a United States district court, and that the Board had access to that immunity.

National Pork Producers Council v. Ross, 598 U.S. 356 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case related to the Dormant Commerce Clause.

Santos-Zacaria v. Garland, 598 U.S. 411 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that noncitizens are not required to exhaust all possible discretionary appeals offered by the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) before contesting removal orders in federal courts. Instead, 8 U.S.C. § 1252(d)(1) requires only that they exhaust mandatory, non-discretionary administrative remedies—those they are entitled to by law.

Polselli v. Internal Revenue Service, 598 U.S. 432 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that when the Internal Revenue Service issues a summons in aid of collecting a tax liability, the exception to the notice requirement in 26 U.S.C. § 7609(c)(2)(D)(i) applies even if the delinquent taxpayer has no legal interest in the accounts or records summoned.

Ohio Adjutant General's Department v. Federal Labor Relations Authority, 598 U.S. 449 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the Federal Labor Relations Authority had jurisdiction over a state National Guard labor dispute because a state National Guard acts as a federal agency for the purpose of the Federal Service Labor-Management Relations Statute when it hires and supervises dual-status technicians serving in their civilian role.

Twitter, Inc. v. Taamneh, 598 U.S. 471 (2023), was a case of the Supreme Court of the United States. The case considered whether Internet service providers are liable for "aiding and abetting" a designated foreign terrorist organization in an "act of international terrorism", on account of recommending such content posted by users, under Section 2333 of the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996. Along with Gonzalez v. Google LLC, Taamneh is one of two cases where social media companies are accused of aiding and abetting terrorism in violation of the law. The cases were decided together in a ruling by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which ruled that Taamneh's case could proceed.

Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. v. Goldsmith, 598 U.S. 508 (2023), is a U.S. Supreme Court case dealing with transformative use, a component of fair use, under U.S. copyright law. At issue was the Prince Series created by Andy Warhol based on a photograph of the musician Prince by Lynn Goldsmith. It held Warhol's changes were insufficiently transformative to fall within fair use for commercial purposes, resolving an issue arising from a split between the Second and Ninth circuits among others. Goldsmith had taken her photograph in 1981 on assignment for Newsweek and retained copyright on it afterwards; it was not published.

Amgen Inc. v. Sanofi, 598 U.S. 594 (2023), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that Amgen's two patent applications on cholesterol-lowering drugs failed to satisfy the enablement clause of §112 of the Patent Act, 35 U.S.C. § 112(a).

The Supreme Court of the United States handed down three per curiam opinions during its 2022 term, which began October 3, 2022 and concluded October 1, 2023.

Calcutt v. FDIC, 598 U.S. 623 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that an administrative agency's discretionary order may be upheld in court only on the same basis articulated in the order by the agency itself.

Tyler v. Hennepin County, 598 U.S. 631 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case about government seizure of property for unpaid taxes, when the value of the property seized is greater than the tax debt. A unanimous court held that the surplus value is protected by the Fifth Amendment's Takings Clause.

Sackett v. Environmental Protection Agency, 598 U.S. 651 (2023), also known as Sackett II (to distinguish it from the 2012 case), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that the Clean Water Act covers only wetlands and permanent bodies of water with a "continuous surface connection" to "traditional interstate navigable waters".

United States ex rel. Schutte v. Supervalu Inc., 598 U.S. 739 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the False Claims Act's scienter element, which requires a defendant to "knowingly" give a "false" claim to the government, refers to a defendant's knowledge and subjective beliefs, not refer to what an objectively reasonable person may have known or believed.

Slack Technologies, LLC v. Pirani, 598 U.S. 759 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that to state a claim under Section 11(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, a plaintiff must plead and prove that he purchased "such security" that is "traceable to the allegedly defective registration statement".

Glacier Northwest, Inc. v. International Brotherhood of Teamsters Local Union No. 174, 598 U.S. 771 (2023) was a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States related to federal labor law, concerning the power of employers to sue labor unions regarding destruction of employer property following a strike. In an 8–1 decision, the Court acknowledged that the right to strike is not absolute, and concluded that the National Labor Relations Act did not preempt lawsuits filed against the union, thus allowing litigation to continue.

New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. v. Bruen, 597 U.S. 1 (2022), abbreviated NYSRPA v. Bruen and also known as Bruen or NYSRPA II (to distinguish it from the 2020 case), is a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court related to the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution. The case concerned the constitutionality of the 1911 Sullivan Act, a New York State law requiring applicants for a pistol concealed carry license to show "proper cause", or a special need distinguishable from that of the general public, in their application. In a 6–3 decision issued in June 2022, the Supreme Court ruled that New York's law was unconstitutional and that the ability to bear arms in public was a constitutional right guaranteed by the Second Amendment.

Vega v. Tekoh, 597 U.S. 134 (2022), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held, 6–3, that an officer's failure to read Miranda warnings to a suspect in custody does not alone provide basis for a claim of civil liability under Section 1983 of United States Code. In the case, the Court reviewed its previous holding of Miranda v. Arizona (1966) to determine whether respondent Carlos Vega violated plaintiff Terence Tekoh's constitutional rights by failing to read Tekoh his Miranda rights prior to interrogation. Justice Samuel Alito wrote for the six-justice majority that Tekoh's Fifth Amendment rights were not violated, as Miranda rights are "not themselves rights protected by the Constitution."

Nance v. Ward, 597 U.S. 159 (2022), was a United States Supreme Court case related to death row inmates' as-applied challenges to methods of execution.

Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, 597 U.S. 215 (2022), is a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court in which the court held that the United States Constitution does not confer a right to abortion. The court's decision overruled both Roe v. Wade (1973) and Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992), devolving to state governments the authority to regulate any aspect of abortion that federal law does not preempt.