Interim Decision #1616
MATTER or LEGABEI
In Deportation Proceedings
A-13694431
Decided by Board September 21, 1966
Respondent, who entered the United States as a nonimmigrant, who was not-•
maintaining his nonimmigrant status, and who, following a brief visit to
marico, reentered the united States without inspection, made an entry
under section 101(a) (13), Immigration and Nationality Act, upon which
to predicate a ground of deportability under section 241(a) (2) of the Act
[Romberg v. ineuti, 374 U.S. 449, inapplicable].
CHARGE:
Order: Act of 1952—Section 241(a) (2) 18 U.S.C. 1231(a) (2)]-1intered
without inspection.
This is an appeal from a deCision of the special inquiry officer,
finding the respondent deportable as charged and granting voluntary
departure. The appeal will be dismissed.
Respondent is a 48-year-old married male alien, a native and citizen of the Philippines. He was admitted to the United States on
October 19, 1962, as a temporary visitor for pleasure, with permission to remain until April 10, 1063. No extension of stay was ever
applied for. Sometime in 1963, he filed a petition for naturalization,
under the provisions of section 324 of the Nationality Act of 1940,
and section 2 of the Act of AusuSt 16, 1940, based upon six years of
service in the United States Lmy. Counsel stated at the hearing,
"I recognize that Mr. Legaspi's claim to naturalization is a tenuous
one" (Tr. p. 2). However, although the Service, upon the filing of
the application for naturalization, knew of respondent's status, no
deportation proceedings were instituted against him for a-period of
almost three years.
In December of 1965, respondent and a friend left the United
States for a visit to Mexico that was intOnded to-last a few hours,
respondent claiming he was advised by his friend_ that the .only
reentry document required of him would be his Philippine passport,
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Interim Decision 41646
which he had in his possession. After several hours in Mexico, respondent and his friend presented themselves at the United States
border, seeking admission. Respondent was refused admission because he did not have the proper documentation. For a period of
three days, while respondent remained in Mexico, counsel attempted
to arrange for parole of respondent into the United States. This was
unsuccessful, and on the third day, respondent discussed his problem
with the Mexican immigration officials, who advised him that if he
did not leave Mexico, he would be jailed for his unlawful presence
there.
Respondent stated that he was advised by the Mexican officials to
wait until later in the day, when there would be a number of people
entering Mexico from the United States, to mingle with them, and to
enter the United States by the gate, through which they were leaving
it. He testified that this was the manner in which he returned to the
United .States.
Deportability is contested. Although. respondent has denied allegations 8, 4 and 5 in the order to show cause, it has been conceded that
he physically entered the United States at the time and place set
forth in allegation 3, that he crossed through an exit gate, as indicated in allegation 4 rather than through the regular United States
border crossing station, and that he did not then present himself to,
and was not then inspected by, United States immigrant inspectors
(allegation 5). It is counsel's contention, the above facts notwith-
'Standing, that under the holdings in Rosenberg T. Neva, 374 U.S.
449,
10 L. Ed. 2d 1000, 83 8. CL 1801; Wadman v. Intarotgration and
Naturalization Service,
329 F.2d 812 (9th Cir.) ; and Wong v. Immigration and Naturalization Service,
358 F.2d 151 (9th Cir.), respondent did not make an "entry.," and therefore is not deportable for
"entry without inspection." • -
We concur in the finding of the special inquiry officer that the
cited cases do not justify such a holding in the instant matter. The
Fleuti case was concerned with whether a permanent resident, whose
original entry was in all respects lawful and who, had he never
stepped out of the United States, would not be subject to deportation
,
on the charges in the order to show cause, rendered himself excludable and hence deportable by an absence of "about a couple hours,"
and subsequent return to the United States. The Supreme Court,
considering the alien's situation in its entirety, and cognizant of the
grave and essentially punitive nature of deportation, stated: .
• • • we decliire today simply that an innocent, casual, and brief excursion
by a resident alien outside this country's borders may not hare been "intended" as a departure disruptive of his resident alien status and therefore
•
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Interim Decision #1646
may not subject him to the consequences of an "entry" into the. country on
his return. The more civilized application of otir immigration laws given
recognition by Congress in §101(a) (13) and other provisions of the 1952 Act
protects the resident alien ,from unsuspected risks and unintended consequences of Each a wholly innocent action. Respondent here, so far as appears
from the record, is among those to be protected. litowever, because - attention
'was not previously focused upon the application of I 101(a)(13) to the case,'
the record contains no detailed description or characterization of, his trip, to
Mexico in 1956, except forhis testimony, that he was gone "about a couple
hours," and that he was "just visiting"; "taking a trip."., That being the case,
we deem it appropriate to remand the case .for further consideration of the
application of g 101(a) (13) to this casd in light of our discussion herein.
If it is determined that respondent did not "intend" to depart in the sense
contemplated by § 101(a) (13), the deportation order will not stand • • •.
Rosenberg v. Fieuti, supra, at pp. 462 and 468.
The pertinent portion of section 101(a) (13) interpreted by the Supreme Court in the Fleuti case, by its terms, relates only to "an
alien having a lawful permanent residence in' the United States."
In the TVadman case, supra, the 9th Circuit had before it not the
question of "entry"; but whether a. five day visit to Mexico broke the
continuous period of physical presence in the United r.States required
to establish eligibility for suspension
ion of deportation under section
244(a) (1) of the Act. '(WO 'shall not dieCuss the is., .of establishing good moral character also presented to the eoiirt, ;in Jfiddinun, ,
since it has no relevance to the instant ease.). Although thqe were
• some small factual similarities.between TV adman and Fleuti, and the
court in TV' adman made repeated. reference to the Fleuti decision, the
,
legal question to be resolved .was not the same in ;Wellman. The only
sense in which Fleuti can he considered to have been authority for
TV adman is that the pattern of legal reasoning followed in TV adman
was m derivative of Pleatie The actual issue in 'Warn= wee limed
and disposed of by the court in the two paragraphs which follow:
Here there can be no qaestioi of the sufficiency of physical presence. The
question is whether there was a sufficient continuity. 'In our judgment, the
term "continuous" is no more subject to a hard andtaSt construction than is the
term "Intended." The question is whether the interruption, viewed in balance ,
of its consequences, can be said ,to have been a significant one, under the
guides laid down in .Fieuti. • '
The answer cannot be foind aS mititer'of Further 'Ninthly by the
special inquiry officer is necessary: Wadman v. Younigration and Waturtilization
Service, supra, at p. 816.
Deportability in TV atinzan, could le, and was, established - irrespecl:
tive of the question of whether return from the .five...day 'wds
"entry." The character of the Visit, not the return;' Wig 'relevant
only to the question of eligibility fOr relief from deimitaiieni •
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Interim Decision #1646
In the Wong case, supra, (which cited both Wildman and Fleuti),
although the original entry and subsequent return from Mexico were
made by the alien under a false claim of American citizenship (as
distinguished from Wadmcga, who originally entered with an immigrant visa and return from Mexico with the documentation of a returning resident alien), the legal issue raised by the visit is identical
with that in Wadman. Deportability could be, and was, established
irrespectiVe of the character of the alien's return from Mexico. He
would have been deportable if he had never left the United States.
It was the character of the visit, not the return, which was relevant,
and not to deportability but to the question of eligibility for relief
from deportation (whether, as in Wadman, the stay is Mexico had
interrupted the continuous period of physical presence in the United
States required for suspension of deportation).
The issue in this case is more closely related to Fleuti than either
Wadman or Wong. Here, the question of &portability, as charged
in the order to show cause, will stand or fall on whether respondent's return from Mexico was an "entry" as contemplated by section 101(a) (13). Wadman and Wong are not controlling. And
Fleuti cannot aid respondent, since it interpreted the exception contained. in section 101(a) (13), which is restricted by its terms to aliens
having a lawful permanent residence in the United States. Respondent has never been admitted for lawful permanent residence.
The holding in Fleuti, in spite of background discussion in the
opinion, relates to a specific and clearly defined issue. It is not,
and we believe it was not intended to be used as, blanket authority
for the proposition that no short-term absence of any alien from the
United States can result in an "entry" on return. Neither can it
serre to wipe out, for all and any purposes, the fact that under
specific circumstances such an absence may well affect the alien's
status or eligibility for relief.
Counsel has discussed two other factors in this ease. He stated
that respondent's brother has filed a preference petition on respondent's behalf, based on their relationship, and that it was respondent's
intention to apply for a section 245 adjustment upon the approval of
the petition. Because of his entry without inspection, respondent
has rendered himself statutorily ineligible for a section 245 adjustment. However, respondent will gain a visa preference if the petition is approved, and it can be used by respondent and his family
in malting applications for immigrant visas at a consulate abroad.
Second, it was indicated in the brief on appeal dated August 3,
1966 that respondent's petition for naturalization was still pending.
Counsel stated at the hearing on April 23, 1966, that although the
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Interim Decision 44646
claim to naturalization eligibility was tenuous, a substantially similar
case was scheduled for hearing in the "United States District Court
a week later, which, if granted, would improve respondent's chances
for naturalization (Tr., p. 2). No further particulars were given,
nor was the case or its outcome referred to in the brief. We have
no desire to foreclose any possibility of naturalization for respondent on the basis of six years of service in the United States Army,
but we cannot take or suspend action on the basis of the scanty and
vague material now of record on this point. The dismissal of this
appeal is without prejudice to a motion to reopen, if such motion is
made within a reasonable time, and is supported by substantial
evidence showing a likelihood that respondent's application for naturalization would be approved upon hearing by the appropriate
court.
At this time, the only relief for which respondent is eligible is
voluntary departure, which has been granted by the special inquiry
officer.
ORDER: It is ordered that the appeal be and the same is hereby
dismissed, without prejudice to a motion to reopen upon the conditions set forth above.
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