Interim Decision #2125
MATTER OF KATIGBAK
In Visa Petition Proceedings
A-17918612
Decided by Regional Commissioner October 18, 1971
To be eligible for preference classification under section 203(aX3) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended, the beneficiary must be a qualified
member of the professions at the time of the filing of the visa petition.
Education or experience acquired subsequent to the filing date of such visa
petition may not be considered in support thereof since to do so would result in
according the beneficiary a priority date for visa issuance at a time when not
qualified for the preference status sought.
ON BEHALF OF APPLICANT: Earl R. Steen, Esquire
840North Broadway
Los Angeles, California 90012
This case is before the Regional Commissioner as an appeal from
the District Director's decision of January 29, 1971 wherein he
denied the applicant's petition for preference classification as an
accountant under section 203(aX3) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended, as not being academically qualified. No
appeal was taken from the District Director's denial. On February
3, 1971 counsel for applicant submitted a motion to the District
Drector to reopen and reconsider his denial decision. On February
16, 1971, the District Director denied that motion. On August 23,
1971, counsel filed a petition for review in the United States District
Court, Central District of California, and on September 9, 1971 the
court dismissed the action, upon stipulation of the parties, to allow
the petitioner to apppeal from the District Director's denial decision of January 29, 1971 if such appeal was actually filed within 15
days of the court's order. Appeal was received by the District
Director, Los Angeles, within the time set and that appeal will be
honored.
Oral argument in support of appeal was requested and granted.
Counsel appeared as scheduled.
The applicant is a 23-year-old single female, a native and citizen
of the Philippines. She was admitted to the United States as a
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visitor at San Francisco on December 2, 1967 to June 30, 1968 and
was granted a change of status to student at Los Angeles on
September 11, 1968 with extensions of stay in student status to
June 25, 1971 to attend Woodbury College in Los Angeles. Counsel
has advised that the applicant attended Woodbury College until
March 1970. She last applied for extension of stay in student status
on June 25, 1970, indicating that it was her intention to continue
study at Woodbury College. The application for extension of stay
was granted with authority to remain until June 25, 1971. The
applicant, however, did not again enroll at Woodbury during the
period of her last extension.
The record shows that she accepted unauthorized employment
on September 29, 1970, during the period of her last extension in
student status, and on December 6, 1970 filed the instant petition
for classification under section 203(a)(3) of the Act as a member of
the professions as an accountant to seek work as such with a firm
of certified public accountants in Beverly Hills, California.
By the filing of the petition, the applicant asserts that she is a
member of the professions as an accountant and qualified as such
by reason of her bachelor of science degree in business administration from a university in the Philippines, and a major in accounting achieved at Woodbury College and experience as a junior
accountant since September 29, 1970 with the certified public
accounting firm. The approval of the petition would give her a visa
availability priority date as of the date of filing the petition, i.e.,
December 6, 1970. Petitions filed prior to February 4, 1971 for the
profession of accounting were covered by the blanket Labor
certification provided by 29 CFR 60, Schedule A, Group II.
The occupation of accountant is recognized as being within the
professions. The issue in this case is to determine if the applicant
was academically qualified as a member of the professions as an
accountant at the time the petition was filed and eligible for the
preference sought.
The Matter of Asuncion, 11 I. & N. Dec. 660 (modified by the
Matter of Panganiban,
13 I. & N. Dec. 581), holds that a characteristic common to occupations in the professions is the minimum of a
baccalaureate degree, while the Matter of Shin,
11 I. & N. Dec. 686,
points out that the acquisition of a degree does not, per so, make
the holder thereof a member of the professions.
The degree or major must be academically appropriate to the
profession for which petitioned. A baccalaureate degree in accounting or an academic major in accounting will satisfy the
academic qualification requirements for the profession of accounting. The Service has consistently held that 24 semester units in
accounting satisfy the requirements for an academic major.
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Interim Decision #2125
Colleges and universities generally require at least a minimum
of 24 units in a specific field to attain a major in that field.
The Occupational Outlook Handbook, published by the Department of Labor, (editions 1966-67, page 29, 1968-69, page 32, and
1970-71, page 28) all state "for beginning accounting positions the
Federal Government requires four years of college training, including 24 semester hours in accounting or an equivalent combination of education and experience." Counsel's statement that the
Occupational Outlook Handbook, page 24, shows that from 20 to 24
units in accounting are required for Federal employment as an
accountant is not factual.
Counsel has also offered a statement of qualifications for the
position of accountant-auditor, for the County of Los Angeles,
which requires graduation from an accredited course with 24
semester units of accounting, including a course in auditing and if
such auditing course has not been taken it may be completed
during the first year of employment. This argument has little
merit. The Service is not guided or controlled by local county
position requirements.
In support of the petition the applicant presented evidence of
graduation from a university in the Philippines on May 7, 1967
with a baccalaureate degree in business administration. Review of
the transcript of credits from this university, which uses the
semester unit system, shows that she completed two courses in the
field of accounting for a total of six semester units and a threehour course titled "management accounting" in the field of bukness administration. Although this last course is shown to be in
the field of business administration, we will, because of its course
title, consider it as applicable to the field of accounting, thereby
giving the applicant credit for nine semester units in accounting
earned at the Philippine university.
The applicant also presented a transcript of credits from Woodbury College relating to her matriculation at this school for the
winter quarter of the 1968-69 school year through the winter
quarter of the 1969 -70 school year. Woodbury College is on the
quarter system rather than the semester unit system. The evaluation branch of the University of California has advised the service
that the quarter units earned at a school using the quarter system
are evaluated at two-thirds a semester unit. Review of the transcript of credits from Woodbury shows that she had enrolled in five
accounting courses at Woodbury, each of the courses being fourquarter-unit courses. However, one of the courses is shown as "I"
or incomplete, for which she earned no credit. The four fourquarter-unit courses she did complete earned her a total of 16
quarter units. Two -thirds of 16 quarter units gives her the equiva-
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Interim Decision #2125
lent of 10 2/3 semester units earned at Woodbury. The nine semester units earned at the Philippine university, added to the 10 2/3
semester units earned at Woodbury, give her a total of 19 2/3
semtruni.Thofterquidsmnt.The
applicant's statement as contained in her Form ES 575, "Statement of Qualifications of Alien", executed December 4, 1970, accompanying her petition, that she receved an "accounting major" from
Woodbury College in 1970, is not supported by the evidence. School
officials at Woodbury College have advised that 57 quarter units in
accounting are required at that school for a major in that field.
This is the equivalent of 28 semester units. Applicant did not
achieve a major in accounting at Woodbury.
At the time the petition was originally filed on December 6, 1970
it was accompanied by a letter dated November 23, 1970 from a
member of the certified public accounting firm employing the
applicant which states: "This is to certify that Fe Corozon Katigbak has been employed with us since September 29, 1970. We
consider her to be a full-time, permanent employee. A portion of
her duties are those of a junior accountant." The letter fails to
describe her duties and responsibilities and certainly does not
satisfactorily establish that she is employed as an accountant. It is
noted that in the Form ES 575 previously mentioned the applicant
describes her title at the certified public accounting firm as "junior
accountant" and describes her duties as "verifies additions, checks
audits, postings and vouchers, analyzes accounts and prepares
statements." This description of her duties is self-serving and
unsupported and is wording extracted exactly word for word, from
the description of the occupation of junior accountant as defined in
Volume 1 of the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. No more
credence can be given this description of her duties than is to be
given to her claim, also contained in the Form ES 575, that she
had received a major in accounting from Woodbury College in 1970.
The District Director denied the petition on January 29, 1971 and
denied the motion to reopen on February 16, 1971. The applicant, at
the very most, had but 19 2/3 semester units in accounting and was
academically not qualified as a professional accountant. Furthermbre, her academic preparation, coupled with her limited work
experience, cannot be equated to the equivalent of a baccalaureate
degree or a major in the field of accounting. The denial of the
petition and denial of the motion by the District Director were
well-founded and correct decisions.
Counsel, with his brief presented in support of his appeal dated
September 22, 1971, presented evidence that the applicant attended
California State College, Los Angeles, during the spring quarter of
1971 and completed a course titled "auditing 1", earning four
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quarter units. At the time of oral argument in support of the
appeal (October 12, 1971), counsel also presented a "notification of
grade change" dated September 29, 1971 from California State
College, Los Angeles, addressed to "Dear Student", stating that
"your grade in Bus. 321 (tax acctg) has been changed from Inc. to
B. This notice does not indicate to whom addressed or the
number of quarter units earned in the related course.
Counsel argues that these units, earned subsequent to filing of
the petition and subsequent to the District Director's denial
decision, should be totalled with the units applicant had previously
earned prior to the time of filing her petition. We do not agree.
When a third preference petition is filed, it seeks to establish
that the beneficiary is a qualified member of the professions at
that time eligible for preference. If the petition is approved, he has
established a priority date for visa number assignment as of the
date that petition was filed. A petition may not be approved for a
profession for which the beneficiary is not qualified at the time of
its filing. The beneficiary cannot expect to qualify subsequently by
taking additional courses and then still claim a priority date as of
the date the petition was filed, a date on which he was not
Qualified.
Section 204 of the Act requires the filing of a visa petition for
classification under section 203(a)(3). The latter section states, in
pertinent part: "Visas shall next be made available to qualified
immigrants who are members of the professions." (Emphasis
added.) It is clear that it was the intent of Congress that an alien
be a recognized and fully qualified member of the professions at
the time the petition is filed. Congress did not intend that a
petition that was properly denied because the beneficiary was not
at that time qualified be subsequently approved at a future date
when the beneficiary may become qualified under a new set of
facts. To do otherwise would make a farce of the preference ystem
and priorities set up by statute and regulation.
Counsel also argues that the Service has failed to give due credit
to the applicant's work experience and quotes a number of published decisions wherein an alien was found qualified as a member
of the professions by a combination of education and work experience. The applicant in the present case had only two months of
limited work experience prior to the filing of her petition when she
had, at most, 19 2/3 academic semester units in accounting. This
very limited experience does not make up for the lack of her
academic credits. In the published decisions cited by counsel the
petitioners generally had many years of responsible experience in
supervisory and executive positions; some had taken additional
vocational and/or specialized training in their fields, others had
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received honors in their field and were recognized as authorities in
their professions. All had constantly enhanced their skills and
progressively acquired greater responsibilities in their chosen endeavors.
Considering all the factors discussed above, we find that the
denial decisions of the District Director were proper. The applicant
has not established that she is eligible for the preference classification she seeks.
The Matter of Brantigan, 11 I. & N. Dec. 493, holds that the
burden of proof to establish eligibility for a desired preference
rests with the petitioner. That burden has not been met. The
applicant has not etablished that she is eligible for preference
classification under section 203(a)(3) of the Act. The appeal will be
dismissed.
The denial of this petition is without prejudice to the applicant
submitting a new petition setting forth the new facts as they now
exist.
ORDER: It is ordered that the appeal be dismissed.
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