18 U.S.C. § 44

Section 44 · Repealed. Pub. L. 9779, 9(b)(2), Nov. 16, 1981, 95 Stat. 1079]

Applied in 6 court decisions — leading case United States v. Martin (1998)

Most recently applied in State v. Hofmann (December 2021)

How often courts cite this section

citing decisions per year

Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.

Section, acts June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 687; Dec. 5, 1969, Pub. L. 91–135, § 8, 83 Stat. 281, related to marking of packages or containers used in the shipment of fish and wildlife. See section 3372 (b) of Title 16, Conservation.