18 U.S.C. § 649
Section 649 · Custodians failing to deposit moneys; persons affected
Amended 4 times on record
Applied in 13 court decisions — leading case United States v. Jackson (1985)
Most recently applied in Boyd v. Wilmington Trust Co. (June 2009)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
(a) Whoever, having money of the United States in his possession or under his control, fails to deposit it with the Treasurer or some public depositary of the United States, when required so to do by the Secretary of the Treasury or the head of any other proper department or agency or by the Government Accountability Office, is guilty of embezzlement, and shall be fined under this title or in a sum equal to the amount of money embezzled, whichever is greater, or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both; but if the amount embezzled is $1,000 or less, he shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
(b) This section and sections 643, 648, 650 and 653 of this title shall apply to all persons charged with the safe-keeping, transfer, or disbursement of the public money, whether such persons be charged as receivers or depositaries of the same.
Editorial notes U.S. Code · Office of the Law Revision Counsel
Historical and Revision Notes
Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§177, 178 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §§91, 92, 35 Stat. 1105; May 29, 1920, ch. 214, §1, 41 Stat. 654; June 10, 1921, ch. 18, §304, 42 Stat. 24).
Sections were consolidated.
Words “or agency” were inserted after “department”. See definition of “agency” in section 6 of this title.
Mandatory punishment provisions made in alternative.
The smaller punishment for an offense involving $100 or less was inserted. (See reviser's notes under sections 641, 645 of this title.)
Minor changes were made in phraseology.
Amendments
2004—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted “Government Accountability Office” for “General Accounting Office”.
1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–294 substituted “$1,000” for “$100”.
1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–322, §330016(2)(G), substituted “shall be fined under this title or in a sum equal to the amount of money embezzled, whichever is greater, or imprisoned” for “shall be fined in a sum equal to the amount of money embezzled or imprisoned”.
Pub. L. 103–322, §330016(1)(H), substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $1,000” after “he shall be”.
Transfer of Functions
Functions of all officers of Department of the Treasury, and functions of all agencies and employees of such Department, transferred, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Treasury, with power vested in him to authorize their performance or performance of any of his functions, by any of such officers, agencies, and employees, by Reorg. Plan No. 26 of 1950, §§1, 2, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, 1281, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. The Treasurer of the United States, referred to in this section, is an officer of Department of the Treasury.