20 U.S.C. § 1
Section 1 · 1, 2. Repealed. Pub. L. 92318, title III, 301(b)(2)(A), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 332
Applied in 4 court decisions — leading case City of New York v. Richardson (1973)
Most recently applied in 884 F. Supp. 2d 39 - E.W.K. v. Board of Education (July 2012)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.