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No. 99-560
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2000 MT 387N
STATE OF MONTANA,
Plaintiff and Respondent,
v.
BRADLEY BJARKO,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Eighth Judicial District,
In and for the County of Cascade,
The Honorable Kenneth Neill, Judge presiding.
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Rochelle D. Wilson, Cascade County Public Defender, Great Falls, Montana
For Respondent:
Joseph P. Mazurek, Montana Attorney General, Jennifer Anders, Assistant Montana Attorney General;
Brant S. Light, Cascade County Attorney, Susan Brooke, Deputy Cascade County Attorney, Great Falls,
Montana
Submitted on Briefs: May 4, 2000
Decided: December 28, 2000
Filed:
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__________________________________________
Clerk
Justice James C. Nelson delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court 1996 Internal Operating
Rules, the following decision shall not be cited as precedent. It shall be filed as a public
document with the Clerk of the Supreme Court and shall be reported by case title,
Supreme Court cause number and result to the State Reporter Publishing Company and to
West Group in the quarterly table of noncitable cases issued by this Court.
¶2 Bradley Bjarko (Bjarko) appeals from an order entered by the Eighth Judicial District
Court, Cascade County, revoking his suspended sentence. We affirm.
1. ¶ Bjarko states the issues on appeal as:
2. ¶1. Did the District Court have authority to revoke Bjarko's suspended sentence
because he failed to participate in and complete sex offender treatment while
incarcerated?
3. ¶2. Did the District Court violate Bjarko's constitutional rights by imposing a
condition of probation which he claims was impossible to complete?
4. ¶Bjarko pled guilty to two counts of sexual assault involving teenage girls under the
age of 16. He was committed to the Department of Corrections for 10 years with 5
years suspended on each count to run concurrently on various conditions. Bjarko
had a long history of sex offenses. Based on testing and evaluation it was believed
that Bjarko was minimizing or rationalizing his deviate tendencies, and that he
would benefit from sex offender treatment. As part of the sentence the court ordered
Bjarko to obtain sexual offender evaluation at his own expense and comply with all
recommendations thereof and that he not be eligible for parole until he completed
Phase II of the Sex Offender Treatment Program (Program) at the Montana State
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Prison (MSP). The Department of Corrections (Department) was directed to enter
Bjarko in the Sex Offender Treatment Program "forthwith."
5. ¶Bjarko entered MSP and began attending Phase I of the Program in August 1997.
However, due to an altercation with another inmate, he was reclassified to
maximum security, which precluded his continued involvement in the Program.
While housed in maximum security he acted out in a sexually deviant manner on at
least one occasion, masturbating in the presence of a female guard. Because Phase II
of the Program was not available to maximum security inmates, Bjarko failed to
complete any part of the Program by his scheduled discharge date of May 24, 1999.
6. ¶Anticipating that Bjarko would discharge his sentence and be released into the
community without treatment, the Cascade County Attorney's office filed a petition
to revoke Bjarko's suspended sentence on April 21, 1999. The stated grounds for the
revocation was a violation of special condition 12, which required that Bjarko
complete both Phase I and Phase II of the Program, before being eligible for parole.
7. ¶Arguing that sex offender treatment was an implicit requirement of his probation as
well as parole, the State recommended that the suspended sentence be revoked and
that the court impose a 5-year sentence with 2 years suspended on each count and
that Bjarko be required to make active efforts toward completion of sex offender
treatment while in prison. This recommendation was consistent with an agreement
between the County Attorney's office and Bjarko's attorney, whereby the prosecutor
agreed to recommend a specific sentence in exchange for Bjarko's admission that his
conduct violated the conditions originally imposed by the sentencing court. Despite
the agreement, however, Bjarko's attorney argued that the court had no authority to
revoke his suspended sentence, irrespective of his admissions that sex offender
treatment was only a condition of parole eligibility and not a requirement of his
probation, i.e., suspended sentence. Defense counsel asked that Bjarko be allowed to
proceed with the suspended portion of his sentence and obtain sex offender
treatment in the community, though there was no showing Bjarko would be
accepted into out-patient treatment.
8. ¶Ultimately the court revoked Bjarko's suspended sentence and committed him to
the Department for a period of 5 years, 2 suspended on each count, to run
concurrently, and required that the defendant enroll in and diligently pursue and
complete both Phase I and Phase II of the Program at the MSP. The Department was
ordered to give Bjarko priority for the Program. Bjarko appeals.
Issue 1
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1. ¶Did the District Court have authority to revoke Bjarko's suspended sentence
because he failed to participate in and complete sex offender treatment while
incarcerated?
2. ¶We generally review a district court's decision to revoke a suspended sentence to
determine whether the court abused its discretion and whether the court's decision
was supported by a preponderance of the evidence in favor of the State. State v.
Nelson (1998), 291 Mont. 15, 20,
966 P.2d 133, 135136. Where the issue is whether
a court followed statutory requirements applicable to revocation of a suspended
sentence, the question raised is a matter of law, and our review is plenary. Nelson,
291 Mont. at 20,
966 P.2d at 135-36. We employ the latter standard in the case sub
judice.
3. ¶Here, through ill-considered sentencing and rehabilitation time lines and
conditions, Bjarko could, and indeed, would have, discharged from the MSP without
having fulfilled all the conditions imposed at sentencing, regardless of his behavior
at the MSP. Notwithstanding, a district court may impose restrictions, conditions
and limitations reasonably related to the objectives of rehabilitation and the
protection of society. See §§ 46-18-101 and 46-18-201, MCA; State v. Black (1990),
245 Mont. 39, 46-47,
798 P.2d 530, 534-35. As Bjarko acknowledges, the State may
revoke a suspended sentence before a defendant actually begins serving the
suspended sentence. See State v. Sullivan (1981), 197 Mont. 395,
642 P.2d 1008.
4. ¶Under § 46-18-203, MCA, which sets forth the statutory criteria for revocation of
suspended or deferred sentences, the prosecution must prove by a preponderance of
the evidence that there has been a violation of the terms and conditions of the
suspended sentence. Section 46-18-203(6), MCA. Here, Bjarko admitted a violation
of the terms and conditions by his failure to complete the Program set forth in the
original conditions of sentencing. The statute then states in pertinent part:
(7)(a) If the judge finds that the offender has violated the terms and conditions of the
suspended or deferred sentence, the judge may:
(i) continue the suspended or deferred sentence without a change in conditions;
(ii) continue the suspended sentence with modified or additional terms and conditions;
(iii) revoke the suspension of sentence and require the offender to serve either the sentence
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imposed or any lesser sentence; . . . .
1. ¶Bjarko's admitted violation was properly noted by the court in revoking his
sentence as indicated by the record. A district court has no power to impose a
sentence in the absence of specific statutory authority. Nelson, 291 Mont. at 21-22,
966 P.2d at 136-37. Section 46-18-203(7)(a)(iii), MCA, provides the requisite
statutory authority under which the District Court acted in this matter. In contrast to
Nelson, where there was no finding by the trial court that the defendant had violated
the terms and conditions of his suspended sentence, Bjarko admitted violating the
terms and conditions of his suspended sentence by not completing the Program. The
District Court did not err, nor did it abuse its discretion, by finding that Bjarko must
complete the sex offender treatment program since it relates to both his need for
rehabilitation and society's need for protection. The court therefore had authority to
revoke his suspended sentence because he failed to participate in and complete the
sex offender program while incarcerated.
Issue 2
1. ¶Did the District Court violate Bjarko's constitutional rights by imposing a
condition of probation which he claims was impossible to complete?
1. ¶Bjarko claims the actions of the District Court in revoking his suspended sentence
violated his due process rights because it would have been impossible for him to
complete sex offender treatment during his active sentence. With regard to the
nature of due process owed defendants at the sentencing phase of criminal
proceedings, this Court has stated:
Montana recognizes that due process applies to sentencing, but the defendant's liberty
interest during sentencing is less than that interest during trial. The process that is due,
therefore, is not as great as that required by the substantive criminal charges. The
defendant is entitled to reasonable notice and an opportunity to be heard during sentencing.
State v. Miller (1998), 290 Mont. 97, 112-13,
966 P.2d 721, 731.
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1. ¶Here, Bjarko was given advance notice by the State on April 21, 1999, that the
State would object to his release from the MSP without his having fulfilled all the
conditions of release set forth in his original sentencing. Bjarko must, and from the
record apparently has, taken responsibility for his role in hindering his ability to
fulfill the conditions of his original sentence. Following the notice given by the
State on April 21, 1999, an evidentiary and disposition hearing was held on August
31, 1999, where Bjarko had an extensive opportunity to be heard on the issues
presented on appeal. No more is required.
2. ¶Affirmed.
/S/ JAMES C. NELSON
We Concur:
/S/ J. A. TURNAGE
/S/ W. WILLIAM LEAPHART
/S/ WILLIAM E. HUNT, SR.
/S/ JIM REGNIER
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