NO.00-628
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2001 MT 67N
CHARLES PLUID,
Petitioner and Appellant,
STATE OF MONTANA, DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, CHILD APR 1 Ci 2001
SUPPORT ENFORCEMENT DIVISION,
Respondent and Respondent.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Eighteenth Judicial District,
In and for the County of Gallatin,
The Honorable Mike Salvagni, Judge presiding.
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Karl P. Seel, Attorney at Law, Bozeman, Montana
For Respondent:
Lonnie J. Olson, Assistant Attorney General, Child Support
Enforcement Division, Department of Public Health and Human
Services, Helena, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: January 11,2001
Decided: April 18,2001
Filed:
1 erk
,
Chief Justice Karla M. Gray delivered the Opinion of the Court.
71 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court 1996 Internal
Operating Rules, the following decision shall not be cited as precedent. It shall be filed as
a public document with the Clerk of the Supreme Court and shall be reported by case title,
Supreme Court cause number and result to the State Reporter Publishing Company and to
West Group in the quarterly table of noncitable cases issued by this Court.
72 Charles Pluid appeals fkom the order entered by the Eighteenth Judicial District Court,
Gallatin County, which dismissed his petition for judicial review of a decision of the Child
Support Enforcement Division (CSED). The court dismissed the petition as a sanction for
Pluid's failures to comply with a scheduling order, respond to a motion to dismiss, and appear
at a status conference. We affirm.
73 Pluid raises several issues, but we address only the dispositive issue of whether the
District Court abused its discretion in imposing the sanction of dismissal.
74 Pluid filed his petition forjudicial review in July of 1999, and CSED filed a response.
At a scheduling hearing in November of 1999, the District Court ordered Pluid to file an
amended petition for judicial review by December 10, 1999, and to file an opening brief in
support of his petition by January 14,2000. He filed neither. On January 26,2000, CSED's
counsel wrote to Pluid's counsel, sending a copy to the court file, asking to discuss the case
before seeking sanctions including possible dismissal. CSED moved to dismiss the petition
for judicial review in February of 2000, pursuant to Rule 16(f), M.R.Civ.P., as a sanction for
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Pluid's failure to obey the scheduling order. Pluid filed no response. Nor did he or his
counsel appear for a March 7, 2000, status conference set at the November scheduling
hearing, at which the motion to dismiss was discussed. On April 13,2000, the District Court
granted CSED's motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 16(f), M.R.Civ.P.
75 Rule 16(f), M.R.Civ.P., provides, in relevant part:
Sanctions. If a party or party's attorney fails to obey a scheduling or pretrial
order, . . . the judge, upon motion or the judge's own initiative, may make such
orders with regard thereto as are just, and among others any of the orders
provided in Rule 37(b)(2)(B), (C), (D).
Subsections (B), (C) and (D) of Rule 37(b)(2), M.R.Civ.P., list sanctions which may be
imposed by order on a party's failure to comply with discovery rules. The possible sanctions
include dismissal of the action or proceeding. Rule 37(b)(2)(C), M.R.Civ.P. Our standard
of review of an order imposing sanctions is whether the district court abused its discretion.
McKenzie v. Scheeler (1997), 285 Mont. 500,506,
949 P.2d 1168, 1172 (citation omitted).
76 Citing Smith v. Butte-Silver Bow County (1996),
276 Mont. 329,
916 P.2d 9 1, in
which this Court reversed a sanction of dismissal as too severe, Pluid argues the District
Court abused its discretion in imposing the sanction of dismissal in this case. In Smith, the
district court dismissed the complaint as a result of the plaintiffs failure to provide specific
discovery responses to requests for information on the subjects of proposed testimony by its
expert witnesses. We reasoned dismissal of the action bore little relationship to the nature
and extent of the discovery abuse and the resulting prejudice, and was a marked and
significant departure from the specific consequences of which the court had warned-that it
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might order depositions reopened. Smith, 276 Mont. at 339-40,
916 P.2d at 97. Those
reasons for reversing the sanction are not present in this case. The nature and extent of
Pluid's failings far exceeded the failure to provide specific discovery responses in Smith, and
Pluid was forewarned that a sanction of dismissal was being pursued.
77 Pluid points out that in a petition for judicial review such as this one, the court's
review is confined to the administrative record. He asserts that, as a result, any additional
briefing or argument he would have submitted to the court would be equivalent only to a
closing argument and for purposes of persuasion. He maintains dismissal is too steep a
penalty for his failure to file additional briefing.
78 In so arguing, Pluid woefully minimizes his failings. The District Court was faced
with a situation in which Pluid not only failed to obey its scheduling order regarding the
filing of an amended pleading and briefing, but followed that with his failure to respond to
a written notice of noncompliance with the scheduling order and the opposing party's intent
to move for dismissal as a sanction. Thereafter, Pluid failed to respond to the motion to
dismiss. Finally, neither he nor his counsel attended the status conference set in the original
scheduling order. In short, Pluid exhibited a pattern of disregard for the very judicial process
he had initiated.
79 Additionally, because this was a petition for judicial review, a number of sanctions
ordinarily available under Rule 37(b)(2)(B), (C), and (D), M.R.Civ.P., were not available.
For example, exclusion of evidence or the disallowance of certain defenses would be without
effect in an action such as this one based solely on the administrative record.
710 We addressed and rejected arguments similar to Pluid's--that a sanction of dismissal
was too severe--in McKenzie. McKenzie had failed to respond adequately to requests for
production, failed to meet deadlines for service of expert witness disclosure statements, failed
to arrange for a settlement conference and failed to submit a proposed pretrial order.
McKenzie,
285 Mont. at 504,
949 P.2d at 1170. He argued on appeal that, because he had
produced at least some of the discovery requested and there was no proof of prejudice to the
opposing party fiom his failure to comply with discovery procedures, dismissal was too
severe a sanction. In affirming the dismissal, we noted that while the extent of discovery
abuse and prejudice to an opposing party are both factors to be considered in determining an
appropriate sanction, a party's disregard of the court's orders and authority is also a factor.
McKenzie,
285 Mont. at 516,
949 P.2d 1177-78.
71 l Pluid has continuously failed to participate in the judicial review proceedings he
initiated. In view of his continuing lack of responsiveness toward the judicial process and
the consequent inherent prejudice to CSED, we hold the District Court did not abuse its
discretion in imposing the sanction of dismissal in this action.
712 Affirmed.
We concur:
