December 1 2009
DA 09-0154
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2009 MT 412N
STATE OF MONTANA,
Plaintiff and Appellee,
v.
WADE GLEN PETERSEN,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Second Judicial District,
In and For the County of Butte/Silver Bow, Cause No. DC-2007-150
Honorable Brad Newman, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Brad Lee Belke, Attorney at Law, Butte, Montana
Gregory Jackson, Jackson Law Firm, P.C., Helena, Montana
For Appellee:
Hon. Steve Bullock, Montana Attorney General, Sheri K. Sprigg,
Assistant Attorney General, Helena, Montana
Eileen Joyce, Silver Bow County Attorney, Butte, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: November 12, 2009
Decided: December 1, 2009
Filed:
__________________________________________
Clerk
Justice Patricia O. Cotter delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d)(v), Montana Supreme Court 1996 Internal
Operating Rules, as amended in 2006, the following memorandum decision shall not be
cited as precedent. It shall be filed as a public document with the Clerk of the Supreme
Court and its case title, Supreme Court cause number and disposition shall be included in
this Court’s quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and
Montana Reports.
¶2 Wade Glen Petersen appeals the decision of the Second Judicial District Court
pertaining to a plea agreement negotiated between Petersen and the State following a
hit-and-run accident in which Petersen struck 3 14-year-old girls, one of whom died from
her injuries. We affirm.
ISSUES
¶3 A restatement of the issues on appeal is:
¶4 Did the District Court err when it rejected the negotiated plea agreement after
accepting Petersen’s guilty pleas?
¶5 Did the District Court improperly participate in the plea negotiation process?
¶6 Did the State breach the plea agreement when the Treasure State Correctional
Training Center (Boot Camp) denied admission to Petersen?
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
¶7 At approximately midnight on October 28, 2007, Wade Petersen was driving on
Blacktail Lane in Butte-Silver Bow County, when he struck 3 juvenile girls who were
walking along a path parallel to the road. After realizing he struck something, he got out
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of his vehicle and walked to the roadside. At about that time, a second car drove up and
stopped. Petersen told the driver he had struck a deer. The driver observed that Petersen
was intoxicated and told Petersen to go home. Petersen then left the scene of the
accident. The driver of the second vehicle immediately discovered the girls and called
for help. All 3 girls were seriously injured, and one of the girls died later that morning as
a result of her injuries. Based on information provided by the driver who spoke with
Petersen, officers located Petersen shortly after attending to the victims of the accident.
Petersen insisted he had hit a deer. Later, he admitted that he never saw a deer and was
unsure of what he hit.
¶8 Petersen, after admitting he had been drinking, was arrested and transported to the
jail in Butte-Silver Bow County. Petersen claimed that other than a glass of water he had
had nothing to drink since the accident. Officers obtained a warrant for a legal blood
draw. Petersen’s blood was drawn approximately 5 hours after the accident and indicated
a blood alcohol content of .06. After learning that one of the girls had died, the State
charged Petersen with one count of felony vehicular homicide while under the influence,
two counts of felony negligent vehicular assault, and one count of felony hit and run
involving death or personal injury. Petersen entered a plea of not guilty on December 6,
2007.
¶9 In late August/early September 2008, the parties entered into substantive plea
negotiations. Initially, the State agreed that if Petersen pled guilty to all 4 charges, it
would recommend 20 years, 10 years suspended, for the homicide count, and 10 years for
each of the remaining counts, all sentences to run concurrently and to be served at the
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Montana State Prison (MSP). The State also agreed to recommend placement in the Boot
Camp, apply no restrictions on Petersen’s ownership or use of firearms during his
probation or parole, and to recommend suspension of the remainder of the sentence upon
completion of the Boot Camp program. Before reducing the agreement to writing, the
parties met with presiding Judge Brad Newman, to discuss the proposed agreement.
Judge Newman indicated the agreement was appropriate and scheduled a change of plea
hearing for October 2, 2008.
¶10 At the October 2 hearing, the District Court accepted Petersen’s plea changes, and
acknowledged that the “[c]ourt would be bound by the recommendation of the defense
and the State concerning sentencing” contained in the “binding plea agreement.” The
court also informed Petersen that it would order a presentence investigation (PSI) and
would review the information in the PSI before sentencing.
¶11 The PSI was subsequently prepared and delivered to the court. In addition, the
court was notified that the Boot Camp screening committee had denied Petersen’s
application for acceptance. A sentencing hearing was held on December 15, 2008. At
this hearing, premised upon the PSI and the unavailability of Boot Camp, the court
rejected the plea agreement and offered Petersen the opportunity to withdraw his guilty
pleas. Petersen’s attorney requested a continuance to allow additional time to conduct
research and further confer with his client. The hearing was continued until January 21,
2009.
¶12 On January 20, 2009, Petersen filed a Motion to Compel Performance of Plea
Agreement. Arguing that the court did not reserve acceptance of the plea agreement
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pending review of the PSI, Petersen maintained that the court had already accepted the
plea agreement and was bound by that acceptance. At the January 21 hearing, the court
denied Petersen’s motion to compel and explained that it had accepted Petersen’s guilty
pleas but had reserved acceptance of the agreement until after the PSI had been
completed and reviewed. The court further explained that the plea agreement
contemplated Petersen’s placement in the Boot Camp program. Because the Boot Camp
denied Petersen’s application to participate in the program, the court observed that the
intended sentence under the plea agreement had become a “legal impossibility.” It
submitted that it was not authorized to accept parts of the plea agreement and reject
others; in other words, “a binding plea agreement is not a piecemeal agreement.” The
District Court also stated that, based on concerns raised in the PSI, the plea agreement’s
provision allowing Petersen to retain ownership or use of firearms during probation or
parole was not appropriate. For these reasons, the District Court rejected the plea
agreement. The judge thereafter explained that Petersen had a right to withdraw his
guilty pleas. Petersen, however, declined to do so. He averred that his decision was
made voluntarily, with assistance of acceptable and competent counsel, and that he was
not under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
¶13 The District Court sentenced Petersen to 20 years, 10 years suspended, for the
homicide charge, and 10 years for each additional charge, to run concurrently and to be
served at MSP. The sentence restricted his ownership or use of firearms during probation
or parole. The court also recommended that Petersen reapply to Boot Camp. If he was
accepted and successfully completed the program, he could then petition the court to
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consider suspending all or part of his remaining term of imprisonment. Petersen appeals.
We affirm.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
¶14 We review a district court’s decision on whether a plea agreement was breached
for an abuse of discretion. State v. Rahn, 2008 MT 201, ¶ 8,
344 Mont. 110,
187 P.3d
622 (citation omitted).
DISCUSSION
¶15 Petersen argues that the District Court was bound by the terms of the plea
agreement at the time it accepted his guilty pleas, and that its subsequent rejection of the
sentencing provisions constituted a breach of the plea agreement which could be
remedied only by specific performance.
¶16 The procedure for reaching, accepting or rejecting a plea agreement is set forth in
§ 46-12-211, MCA (2007). Section 46-12-211(2), MCA (2007), provides that once the
parties reach an agreement they must disclose it to the court. The court may then accept
it, reject it, or defer its decision on acceptance or rejection until it has the opportunity to
review a PSI. Petersen claims the court adopted a “hybrid” procedure that was not
permissible. He claims that the court “told [him] that if the court accepted his guilty plea,
then it would be bound by the plea agreement terms. The court did accept [the] guilty
plea and ordered the plea agreement to be filed in the record. However, the court also
said that it could reject the recommended sentence in the plea agreement, but, if it did so,
it would have to give Mr. Petersen the option of withdrawing his guilty plea.”
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¶17 According to the transcript of the October 2 hearing, the court asked Petersen:
“You understand that, by the nature of a binding plea agreement, if you are, in fact, going
to plead guilty pursuant to this agreement and the [c]ourt accepts your guilty plea or pleas
that the [c]ourt would be bound by the recommendation of the defense and the State
concerning sentencing?” After Petersen answered this question affirmatively, the court
then stated: “Do you understand that I would order a presentence investigation in this
case to look at your background and any other relevant information that I would need
prior to sentencing?” Again Petersen answered “Yes,” and the court continued, “Do you
understand that because it’s a binding plea agreement, if the [c]ourt were to reject the
recommended sentence in the agreement I would have to notify you of that fact and I
would have to give you the opportunity to withdraw your guilty plea or guilty pleas?”
Petersen indicated that he understood.
¶18 The court then explained, among other things, what rights Petersen would waive
with a guilty plea, and confirmed that Petersen was satisfied with his counsel’s
performance and that his guilty pleas were voluntarily given. At that time, Petersen
changed his plea to guilty on each of the charges and the District Court accepted the pleas
and ordered that the plea agreement be filed. Immediately thereafter, counsel for both
parties agreed that a PSI would be ordered prior to sentencing.
¶19 While the District Court did not expressly state that it was accepting Petersen’s
guilty pleas but was deferring acceptance or rejection of the plea agreement until after
reviewing the PSI, in light of the lengthy discussion with Petersen and his counsel about
the agreement and the PSI, we conclude Petersen was adequately advised that the PSI
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could have an impact upon his sentencing. Moreover, at the subsequent hearing at which
the court stated it felt compelled to reject the plea agreement, Petersen nonetheless
voluntarily decided against withdrawing his plea. Under these circumstances, we cannot
conclude the court violated § 46-12-211, MCA (2007).
¶20 Petersen argues in the alternative that the District Court’s participation in the plea
negotiation process was improper, in that it led Petersen to believe the court agreed to be
bound by all the terms of the agreement. He maintains such participation by the court
induced him to plead guilty. He asserts that specific performance of the plea agreement
is the proper remedy for such improper conduct. Again, we disagree.
¶21 Montana law does not prohibit judicial participation in plea negotiations. See
Commission Comments to § 46-12-211, MCA (2007) (“The Commission believe[s] that
circumstances sometimes warrant judicial participation in such discussions.”). See also
State v. Milinovich, 269 Mont. 68, 72,
887 P.2d 214, 216 (1994). As in Milinovich, there
is nothing in the record here to establish that Judge Newman improperly inserted himself
into the plea negotiations in a manner that induced Petersen to plead guilty under the
erroneous notion that the District Court was bound absolutely by the terms of the
agreement.
¶22 Lastly, Petersen asserts that the Boot Camp interfered with the plea agreement,
putting the State in breach of the plea agreement. This argument is without merit. Under
the applicable rules of the Department of Corrections (DOC), a DOC screening
committee “shall have the final determination regarding the admission of any candidate
to the boot camp program.” Admin. R. M. 20.7.110(4). Exercise of this discretion by the
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DOC does not put the State in breach of the plea agreement. The State prosecutor
complied in full with the plea agreement and there is nothing in the record to indicate that
he attempted in any way to undermine it.
¶23 It is appropriate to decide this case pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d) of our
1996 Internal Operating Rules, as amended in 2006, which provides for memorandum
opinions. It is manifest on the face of the briefs and the record that the appeal is without
merit because the issues are clearly controlled by settled Montana law which the court
correctly interpreted and there clearly was no abuse of judicial discretion.
¶24 We affirm.
/S/ JOHN WARNER
We concur:
/S/ MIKE McGRATH
/S/ JAMES C. NELSON
/S/ JOHN WARNER
/S/ W. WILLIAM LEAPHART
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