[Cite as State v. Johnson,
2012-Ohio-5069.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 98001
STATE OF OHIO
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
SHARDA E. JOHNSON
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT:
AFFIRMED
Criminal Appeal from the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-552626
BEFORE: S. Gallagher, J., Blackmon, A.J., and Jones, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: November 1, 2012
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Michael V. Heffernan
75 Public Square
Suite 700
Cleveland, OH 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Timothy J. McGinty
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
By: Diane Russell
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney
The Justice Center, 8th Floor
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, OH 44113
SEAN C. GALLAGHER, J.:
{¶1} Defendant-appellant, Sharda Johnson, appeals from her conviction for
carrying a concealed weapon. For the following reasons, we affirm.
{¶2} At approximately 3:45 a.m. on July 20, 2011, Cleveland police officers
Dickens and Anderson received a call from dispatch about gunshots being fired in the
area of East 140th Street and Southview Avenue. Dispatch subsequently provided a
description of the car suspected of carrying the shooter, along with the car’s license plate
number. The car had a distinct color combination. Dickens and Anderson found the car
on East 142nd Street while it was stopped in the middle of the street alongside another
car. The drivers were talking to each other and impeding traffic flow. The officers
pulled the suspect car over for a traffic stop.
{¶3} Dickens explained the reason for the stop to Johnson, the car’s driver. The
officers asked Johnson for some identification, and then asked her to step out of the car.
Johnson stepped out of the car, and at Dickens’s request, placed her purse on top of the
patrol car. When the purse fell open, Dickens observed a handgun sticking out of it.
{¶4} Dickens questioned Johnson about the handgun, and she told him that she had
a carrying a concealed weapon (“CCW”) license. Dickens told her that even if she had a
license, Johnson did not tell him, as required by law, about the handgun. The officer
inquired through dispatch about Johnson’s license, and learned the license was under
suspension. Dickens then arrested Johnson for carrying the gun without a valid license.
{¶5} Dickens meanwhile concluded that Johnson’s handgun was not involved in
the gunshot incident because the magazine was fully loaded with nine bullets. He
removed the chamber and smelled the gun; it was clean and did not appear to have been
fired.
{¶6} On August 17, 2011, Johnson was charged with one count of carrying a
concealed weapon in violation of R.C. 2923.12(A)(2), a fourth-degree felony. A bench
trial occurred on December 2, 2011. On December 21, 2011, the court found Johnson
guilty as charged in the indictment. The court sentenced Johnson on January 15, 2012, to
one year of community control sanctions.
{¶7} Johnson timely appealed and presents two assignments of error for review.
She challenges her conviction as being both against the manifest weight of the evidence
and not supported by sufficient evidence. Upon a review of the record, we find
Johnson’s arguments have no merit.
{¶8} In her first assignment of error, Johnson asserts that she did not know about
her CCW license suspension because the Cuyahoga County Sheriff’s Department sent the
notice of suspension to her former address on Langly Avenue. Johnson also asserts that
she did not know her license was subject to suspension as a result of a July 2010
indictment, that she did not know about the 45-day change of address requirement
relating to the license, and that she believed she changed her address with the Sheriff’s
Department when she repossessed her handgun and registered it with the police
department after resolution of the July 2010 case. Johnson argues, therefore, the court
created a manifest miscarriage of justice by convicting her of carrying a concealed
weapon because the state failed to produce evidence of her knowledge about the
suspension.
{¶9} In reviewing a claim challenging the manifest weight of the evidence, the
appellate court determines whether “there is substantial evidence upon which a jury could
reasonably conclude that all the elements have been proved beyond a reasonable doubt.”
State v. Leonard, 104 Ohio St.3d 54,
2004-Ohio-6235,
818 N.E.2d 229, ¶ 81. This court
examines the entire record in order to determine whether the trier of fact clearly lost its
way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be
reversed and a new trial ordered.
Id.
{¶10} In applying this standard, we conclude the weight of the evidence supports
Johnson’s conviction for carrying a concealed weapon. Johnson completed and signed
on February 11, 2009, the State of Ohio Application for a License to Carry a Concealed
Handgun. The application includes the following statement:
I have been furnished, and have read, the pamphlet that explains the
Ohio firearms laws, that provides instructions in dispute resolution and
explains the Ohio laws related to that matter, and that provides information
regarding all aspects of the use of deadly force with a firearm, and I am
knowledgeable of the provisions of those laws and of the information on
those matters.
{¶11} The pamphlet provided to Johnson at the time of her application was not
admitted into evidence. We do not know, therefore, whether it contained the change in
address requirement. Regardless, pursuant to R.C. 2923.126(A), a CCW licensee “shall
give notice of any change in the licensee’s address to the sheriff who issued the license
within forty-five days after that change.”
{¶12} Johnson applied for the CCW license when she resided on Langly Avenue.
Johnson moved out of the Langly Avenue home on May 29, 2010, and moved about a
month later to East 142nd Street. She failed, however, to comply with R.C. 2923.126(A)
by not providing her new address to the sheriff’s department.
{¶13} Johnson was arrested on July 4, 2010, and the arresting officers confiscated
her handgun. Because of the ensuing indictment and pursuant to R.C. 2923.128(A), the
sheriff’s department on or about August 16, 2010, sent via certified mail to Johnson’s last
known address on Langly Avenue, the notice of suspension of her CCW license. The
certified mail receipt was returned to the sheriff’s department with a stamp that the
residence was vacant. The police later returned Johnson’s handgun to her after the trial
court granted on April 21, 2011, her pro se motion to return the handgun. Johnson
nonetheless never received the notice of suspension because she did not provide her new
address to the sheriff’s department until after her July 2011 arrest.
{¶14} R.C. 2923.128(A)(3) states:
[T]he sheriff who issued the licensee’s license or temporary emergency
license to carry a concealed handgun shall notify the licensee, by certified
mail, return receipt requested, at the licensee’s last known residence
address that the license or temporary emergency license has been suspended
and that the licensee is required to surrender the license or temporary
emergency license at the sheriff’s office within ten days of the date on
which the notice was mailed.
(Emphasis added.)
{¶15} In Gaston v. Medina Cty. Bd. of Revision, Slip Opinion No.
2012-Ohio-3872, the Supreme Court of Ohio considered the issue of whether the Board
of Revision had jurisdiction to issue an order increasing the value of property when the
property owner asserts he did not receive notice of the board’s hearing. The court stated
at ¶ 13:
In tax cases, we have adopted the standard that “service by registered
or certified mail ‘is effective when the notice is delivered and properly
receipted for by an appropriate person’ at the assessee’s address.”
Skuratowicz v. Tracy, 76 Ohio St.3d 103, 104,
1996-Ohio-415,
666 N.E.2d
1096 (1996), quoting Castellano v. Kosydar,
42 Ohio St.2d 107,
326 N.E.2d
686 (1975), syllabus.… [W]hen the record shows timely certified mailing
of the administrative order and also shows receipt by a proper person at the
taxpayer’s address, the service is presumed valid — with the result that the
taxpayer must shoulder the burden to rebut by presenting “sufficient
evidence demonstrating non-service.” New CoOperative Co. v. Liquor
Control Comm., 10th Dist. No. 01AP-1124, 2002-Ohio-2244, ¶ 9 (applying
the same standard to service of liquor-control commission order); Tripodi v.
Liquor Control Comm., 21 Ohio App.2d 110, 112,
255 N.E.2d 294 (1970);
Oak Grove Manor, Inc. v. Ohio Dept. of Human Servs., 10th Dist. No.
01AP-71, 01AP-72, 2001-Ohio-4113,
2001 WL 1269372, *4 (Oct. 23,
2001) (same analysis regarding service of Medicaid reimbursement-rate
order); accord Holmes v. Union Gospel Press, 64 Ohio St.2d 187, 189,
414
N.E.2d 415 (1980) (administrative decision was validly served when mailed
per statute to the party’s last known address); Townsend v. Dollison, 66
Ohio St.2d 225, 228,
421 N.E.2d 146 (1981) (same with administrative
license suspension).
{¶16} There is no significant distinction between the effect of the notice
requirement here and those in R.C. 4141.28(H), as discussed in Holmes, and
R.C. 4507.40(K), as discussed in Townsend. The requirement that the notice of
suspension of a CCW license be mailed to “the licensee’s last known residence address”
contemplates that the sheriff’s department will mail the notice of suspension to the
licensee’s most current address in its records. That requirement is reasonably calculated
to apprise the licensee of the suspension. The sheriff’s department, therefore, validly
served the notice of suspension when it sent it by certified mail per R.C. 2923.128(A)(3)
to Johnson’s last known address on Langly Avenue.
{¶17} Johnson, as a CCW licensee, had the obligation under R.C. 2923.126(A) to
provide notice within 45 days of a change in address to the sheriff’s department. The
department’s act of mailing the suspension notice to Johnson’s old address constitutes
neglect on her part. “‘If the address is in error because of [her] fault … [the licensee]
cannot later be heard to complain that [she] did not get notice at [her] last known
address.’” Townsend, 66 Ohio St.2d 225, 228,
421 N.E.2d 146, quoting Fell v. Bur. of
Motor Vehicles,
30 Ohio App.2d 151, 162,
283 N.E.2d 825 (8th Dist.1972).
{¶18} Anyone who applies for and obtains a CCW license is 100 percent
responsible for learning, understanding, and complying with the restrictions and
regulations, both state and federal, that coincide with exercising the right to carry a
concealed handgun. Johnson was carrying a loaded handgun without a valid CCW
license. Appellant’s alleged mistake relates to her purported lack of knowledge of what
the law required of her in connection with the license. A mistake of law defense is not
recognized by this state. State v. Pinkney, 36 Ohio St.3d 190, 198,
522 N.E.2d 555
(1988). If Johnson really did not know the law, her ignorance was by choice. “It is an
axiomatic legal principle that ignorance of the law is no excuse.” State v. Bell, 6th Dist.
No. L-10-1066,
2011-Ohio-969, ¶ 19, citing U.S. v. Internatl. Minerals & Chem. Corp.,
402 U.S. 558, 563,
91 S.Ct. 1697,
29 L.Ed.2d 178 (1971).
{¶19} Further, the plain language of R.C. 2923.12(A)(2) does not require Johnson
to be aware of the CCW license suspension as an element of the offense. Rather, the
statute only requires her to knowingly carry or have concealed on her or concealed ready
at hand, a handgun. See State v. Harper, 5th Dist. No. 2010-CA-44, 2011-Ohio-4568
(under the plain language of R.C. 2923.13(A)(2), because notice of a disability is not an
express element of the offense charged, the statute does not require a defendant to be
aware of or have knowledge of his disability). See also State v. Johnson,
128 Ohio St.3d
107,
2010-Ohio-6301,
942 N.E.2d 347, and State v. Schilling, 5th Dist. No.
2000AP040034,
2000 Ohio App. LEXIS 4340 (same).
{¶20} Accordingly, constructive notice reasonably calculated to apprise the
licensee of the suspension is all that is required by the sheriff’s department in order for a
CCW license suspension to be valid. The trial court did not clearly lose its way and
create such a manifest miscarriage of justice requiring a reversal of Johnson’s conviction
and an order for new trial.
{¶21} Accordingly, Johnson’s first assignment of error is overruled.
{¶22} In her second assignment of error, Johnson reasserts that she had no
knowledge of the suspension of her CCW license. According to her, she was legally
carrying the handgun in her handbag on July 20, 2011. Johnson also asserts the state
failed to prove that the handgun was operable, or that it could be rendered readily
operable, as required by R.C. 2923.11(B)(1). She argues, therefore, that her conviction
for carrying a concealed weapon under R.C. 2923.12(A)(2) is not supported by sufficient
evidence.
{¶23} The Ohio Supreme Court in State v. Diar, 120 Ohio St.3d 460,
2008-Ohio-6266,
900 N.E.2d 565, ¶ 113, explained the standard for sufficiency of the
evidence as follows:
Raising the question of whether the evidence is legally sufficient to
support the jury verdict as a matter of law invokes a due process concern.
State v. Thompkins (1997), 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 386,
1997-Ohio-52,
678
N.E.2d 541. In reviewing such a challenge, “[t]he relevant inquiry is
whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the
prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential
elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt.” State v. Jenks
(1991), 61 Ohio St.3d 259,
574 N.E.2d 492, paragraph two of the syllabus,
following Jackson v. Virginia (1979), 443 U.S. 307,
99 S.Ct. 2781,
61
L.Ed.2d 560.
{¶24} We initially reject Johnson’s argument relating to lack of knowledge of the
suspension for the same reasons stated in our decision overruling her first assignment of
error. The state was not required to prove Johnson had actual knowledge of the license
suspension in order to obtain a conviction under R.C. 2923.12(A)(2). Johnson was not
charged with a criminal violation relating to her license. The license was suspended
administratively under R.C. 2923.128(A).
{¶25} As to her argument relating to operability, the Ohio Supreme Court, in
addressing whether the firearm specification in R.C. 2929.71 can be proven beyond a
reasonable doubt without actually presenting scientific or direct evidence as to the
operability of the firearm, held that
[t]he state must present evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that a firearm
was operable at the time of the offense before a defendant can receive an
enhanced penalty pursuant to R.C. 2929.71(A). However, such proof can
be established beyond a reasonable doubt by the testimony of lay witnesses
who were in a position to observe the instrument and the circumstances
surrounding the crime. (State v. Gaines [1989], 46 Ohio St.3d 65,
545
N.E.2d 68, modified.)
State v. Murphy,
49 Ohio St.3d 206,
551 N.E.2d 932 (1990), syllabus.
{¶26} The Ohio Supreme Court later refined the manner by which the state may
prove a firearm specification in Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 386,
1997-Ohio-52,
678
N.E.2d 541, where the court found that
[i]n determining whether an individual was in possession of a firearm and
whether the firearm was operable or capable of being readily rendered
operable at the time of the offense, the trier of fact may consider all relevant
facts and circumstances surrounding the crime, which include any implicit
threat made by the individual in control of the firearm.
Id. at paragraph one of the syllabus.
{¶27} Moreover, with respect to operability, in State v. Fulton, 8th Dist. No.
96156, 2011-Ohio-4259, we recently explained:
“This Court ‘evaluate[s] the evidence of a firearm’s operability by
examining the totality of the circumstances.’ State v. McElrath (1996), 114
Ohio App.3d 516, 519,
683 N.E.2d 430, citing [
Murphy at 208]. In
McElrath, this Court found that in cases where no shots are fired and the
firearm is not recovered, circumstantial evidence, such as the
representations and actions of the gun operator, are of crucial importance.
Id. Specifically, this Court found that ‘“the implicit threat of brandishing a
firearm” supports an inference that the firearm was operable.’ State v.
Williams (Dec. 27, 2000), 9th Dist. No. 19559, 2000 Ohio App. LEXIS
6167, citing McElrath[, 114 Ohio App.3d] at 519-520.”
Id. at ¶ 34, quoting State v. Ware, 9th Dist. No. 22919,
2006-Ohio-2693, ¶ 13.
{¶28} From the totality of the circumstances in the instant case, we find that the
handgun was operable. According to her testimony, Johnson obtained the CCW license
for security purposes. On July 19, 2011, at approximately 8:00 p.m., Johnson let a friend
take her car to perform some repairs. When he failed to return the car to her by 3:45 a.m.
on July 20, she called him, and he later arranged for her to pick up the car on East 140th
Street, about one mile from her home. Johnson carried the loaded handgun when she
walked to her car because she was afraid to be in that area in the middle of the night.
The gun made her feel safe. While she was aware of the requirement to tell the officers
about her concealed weapon, Johnson did not tell them. Officer Dickens testified that he
removed nine bullets from the handgun. It was, therefore, reasonable for the trier of fact
to conclude that Johnson’s act of carrying a loaded handgun because it made her feel safe
meant to imply this gun was, in fact, operable. McElrath.
{¶29} Given the evidence, we conclude any rational trier of fact could have found
beyond a reasonable doubt that Johnson carried a concealed, and operable, weapon. Her
conviction is thus supported by sufficient evidence. Diar, 120 Ohio St.3d 460,
2008-Ohio-6266,
900 N.E.2d 565.
{¶30} Johnson’s second assignment of error is overruled.
{¶31} Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common
pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s conviction having
been affirmed, any bail pending appeal is terminated. Case remanded to the trial court
for execution of sentence.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
SEAN C. GALLAGHER, JUDGE
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, A.J., and
LARRY A. JONES, SR., J., CONCUR
KEY WORDS: Case No. 98001 - State of Ohio v. Sharda E. Johnson
