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2014 Ark. App. 151
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION III
No. CV-13-704
Opinion Delivered February 26, 2014
DONALD D. SPLAWN and TAMMY
SPLAWN APPEAL FROM THE GARLAND
APPELLANTS COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
[NO. CV-11-262]
V.
HONORABLE JOHN HOMER
WRIGHT, JUDGE
BARBARA L. WADE
APPELLEE REVERSED AND REMANDED
KENNETH S. HIXSON, Judge
This appeal returns to us following our dismissal of the appeal for lack of a final order.
Splawn v. Wade, 2013 Ark. App. 187, ___ S.W.3d ___. A final order was entered by the
Garland County Circuit Court in May 2013, and a timely notice of appeal followed that
order. Appellants Donald and Tammy Splawn (collectively “Splawn”) appeal the summary
judgment entered in favor of appellee Barbara Wade (“Wade”) on Splawn’s alternative claims
for specific performance of a land-sale contract or breach of that contract.1 We reverse and
remand because the trial court erred in granting summary judgment to appellee.
1
For simplicity’s sake, we refer to appellants as “Splawn” because Donald was married
to Terry Splawn when this 1997 contract was entered, but after their divorce, he married
Tammy Splawn, his current wife. Also for simplicity’s sake, we refer to appellee as “Wade”
because although Barbara’s husband Charles Wade was involved in the execution of the 1997
contract, he died in 2000.
Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 151
In this case, there are three adjoining pieces of property bordered by Lake Hamilton
along the north end of the properties. In the 1990s, Splawn owned the easterly lot at 241
Tanglewood Road. Wade owned the westerly lot at 140 Tanglewood Place. In between
these two lots was 237 Tanglewood Road (the “middle lot.”) Wade’s lot contained two small
triangles of land that adjoined the middle lot.
In November 1997, Splawn wanted to purchase the middle lot and Wade’s two
triangular parcels. Splawn and Wade entered into a real estate offer and acceptance contract
for the purchase of Wade’s two triangular parcels. The document was a pre-printed real estate
“form contract,” and the parties filled in the pertinent blanks in handwriting. The contract
contained the following:
• Paragraph three recited a purchase price of $15,000, but in the space provided
for the amount of the down-payment were the words, “not required.” This
paragraph also contained a handwritten term that the down payment was to be
$5000, the balance to be “owner” financed at eight percent for three years.
• Paragraph five recited a tender of one dollar in earnest money.
• Paragraph nine, which described the closing date for the sale of the two
triangles, referenced to “Other Conditions” in paragraph sixteen.
• Paragraph sixteen contained the following handwritten term: “Buyer will pay
all sellers closing cost except seller’s taxes. Survey to be paid at buyer expense.
This offer is subject to the Buyers having Exhibit ‘B’ [the middle lot] under a
purchase contract on or before November 1, 2007.”
There is no dispute that Wade accepted this offer, thereby creating a binding contract.
Splawn purchased the middle lot in 1999. Between 2002 and 2005, Wade erected
some playground equipment for her grandchildren and installed movable storage units on the
two triangle-shaped parcels. Splawn did not formally attempt to close on the purchase of the
two triangles from Wade until, at the earliest, shortly before November 2007. According to
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the affidavit provided by Splawn, he demanded performance of Wade by visiting her, offering
a tender of $5000, and trying to close the deal. Wade disagreed, contending that Splawn did
not attempt to close on the purchase of the triangles of land until 2008 and that Splawn did
not tender any payment.2 In either event, Wade refused to perform the contract.
Splawn filed a complaint in 2011 seeking, among other things, specific performance
of the 1997 land-sale contract or, in the alternative, monetary damages for breach of contract.
Wade denied the complaint’s allegations and filed a counterclaim seeking damages due to
alleged tree and shrubbery destruction by Splawn. Wade eventually moved to dismiss or for
summary judgment on Splawn’s complaint. She asserted in part that (1) Splawn never paid
any purchase money toward this 1997 contract, (2) the applicable seven-year statute of
limitations for specific performance expired in 2006 because Splawn’s right to specifically
enforce the contract “accrued” in 1999, when Splawn purchased the middle lot, and (3)
Splawn was estopped to enforce this real-estate contract because she detrimentally relied on
Splawn’s inaction by improving the parcels in the intervening years.
Splawn filed a cross-motion for summary judgment, stating that specific performance
was mandated. Splawn contended that a cause of action for breach of contract and specific
performance did not accrue until triggered by Wade’s breach, i.e., Wade’s refusal to perform
in November 2007. Thus, Splawn argued, regardless of the applicable statute of limitations,
this lawsuit was filed in a timely fashion. Splawn added that the contract, on its face, provided
2
Any factual dispute about when Splawn tried to close the transaction with Wade must
be viewed in the light most favorable to Splawn.
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that a ten-year contingency period (1997–2007) was contemplated, within which Splawn
could seek to close on this purchase.
After a hearing on the cross-motions, the trial judge refused to address Wade’s
equitable defenses of estoppel and waiver because testimony would be required to determine
whether those defenses were applicable. However, the trial court ultimately granted Wade’s
motion to dismiss or for summary judgment on Splawn’s contract-based claims. The order
recited the following:
The Defendant’s [Wade’s] Motion to Dismiss the cause of action seeking specific
performance of the contract is granted, as this is not an action for breach of contract.
The contract is silent as to when it must be performed so the law implies a reasonable
time after the contingency is met. This would be measured in days, not years. In this
action, there was no demand for performance within a reasonable time after the
contingency property was acquired, so there has been no breach by the Defendant.
The Plaintiffs cannot now assert rights which expired years ago. The Plaintiffs’ Cross-Motion for Partial Summary Judgment is therefore denied.
The remaining claims were tried to the bench. Splawn did not prevail on the
boundary-by-acquiescence claim and did not present any evidence on the adverse-possession
claim. Wade prevailed on her claim for monetary damages regarding tree and shrubbery
damage. As previously mentioned, we dismissed Splawn’s first appeal. The jurisdictional
defect was cured by the trial court’s entry of a subsequent order, dismissing with prejudice
Splawn’s claims for adverse possession and quiet title, which complies with our supreme
court’s requirements on finality.
The arguments on appeal raised by Splawn are now properly before us. Splawn argues
that the trial court erred by: (1) denying Splawn’s motion for summary judgment for specific
performance of the real-estate contract; and (2) granting Wade’s motion for summary
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judgment or dismissal of Splawn’s breach-of-contract and specific-performance claims.
Splawn seeks reversal on either basis. Wade did not file an appellee’s brief for our
consideration.
We disagree that Splawn was entitled to judgment as a matter of law on the specific-
performance claim, and thus we affirm on Splawn’s first argument for reversal. The trial
court, however, erred in granting summary judgment to Wade, dismissing Splawn’s contract-
based claims at the summary-judgment stage of the proceedings, as explained below. We,
therefore, reverse and remand on Splawn’s second argument on appeal.
The law on summary judgment is well settled. Summary judgment should be granted
only where there is no issue of material fact left to be determined and the moving party is
entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Po-Boy Land Co. v. Mullins, 2011 Ark. App. 381, ___
S.W.3d ___. All evidence is viewed in the light most favorable to the “resisting party.”
Id.
Where the parties agree on the facts, such as where there are cross-motions for summary
judgment on agreed facts, then we simply determine whether the appellee was entitled to
judgment as a matter of law. Hobbs v. Jones,
2012 Ark. 293,
412 S.W.3d 844. In reviewing
questions of law, appellate review is de novo.
Id. If, however, there are competing inferences
to be drawn from undisputed facts, the trial court should reject deciding the case as a matter
of law.
Po-Boy, supra.
Ordinarily, the denial of summary judgment is not appealable. Robinette v. Dep’t of Fin.
& Admin., 2011 Ark. 349. However, it is appealable when combined with a dismissal on the
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merits that effectively terminates the proceeding below.
Id. See also Johnson v. Simes,
361 Ark.
18,
204 S.W.3d 58 (2005).
Specific performance of a land-sale contract is a function of equity, and a trial court has
some discretion in granting or withholding relief depending upon the particular circumstances
presented. See 2 Arkansas Civil Practice & Procedure § 39.6 (5th ed. 2013). See also Dossey v.
Hanover, Inc., 48 Ark. App. 108,
891 S.W.2d 67 (1995); Shelton v. Keller,
24 Ark. App. 68,
748 S.W.2d 153 (1988). If a contractual right to be enforced does not come into existence
until the performance of some contingency, then the accrual of an action to enforce does not
arise until the fulfillment of that contingency. Rice v. McKinley,
267 Ark. 659,
590 S.W.2d
305 (1979). Typically, equity will follow a parallel limitations period as that found in law.
Holloway v. Eagle,
135 Ark. 206,
205 S.W. 113 (1918).
In rendering summary judgment against Splawn and in favor of Wade, the trial court
made a finding of fact, deciding what a “reasonable time” for performance would be to seek
specific performance of the contract where the contract did not clearly specify a period of time
for performance. The trial court found that a reasonable period of time would be “days, not
years” after Splawn fulfilled the contingency in which to demand Wade to perform. This was
error.
Assuming there is no provision as to the time of the performance of the contract, the
law implies that it must be performed within a reasonable time. Excelsior Mining Co. v.
Willson, 206 Ark. 1029,
178 S.W.2d 252 (1944); Acker Constr., LLC v. Tran,
2012 Ark. App.
214,
396 S.W.3d 279; Taylor v. George,
92 Ark. App. 264,
212 S.W.3d 17 (2005). What
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constitutes a “reasonable time” depends on the intent of the parties at the time the contract
was made and the facts and circumstances surrounding its making. See
id. Generally, the
failure of one party to perform his contractual obligations releases the other party from
his obligations, and one who has broken a contract cannot recover on it. See
id. What
constitutes a “reasonable time” is necessarily a fact question. The trial court erred by deciding
as a matter of law, on summary judgment, that “days, not years” from 1999 was the
“reasonable time” for Splawn to demand specific performance.
Further, there is more than one reasonable inference that may be drawn from the
language in the contract and, hence, according to Po-Boy, supra, summary judgment is not
proper. One reasonable inference is that the contract terms to which the parties agreed
contemplated that Splawn had until November 2007 to seek to close on the purchase of
Wade’s two triangles of land. Another reasonable inference is that the contract was silent on
the closing date and that Splawn was required to seek to close on this purchase within a
reasonable time after acquiring the middle lot in 1999. Viewing the evidence in the light
most favorable to Splawn, as we must, there is more than one reasonable inference to be
drawn from the undisputed facts. The trial court erred in dismissing Splawn’s claim for
specific performance on a motion for summary judgment.
We reverse on the breach-of-contract claim as well because that alternative cause of
action did not accrue until a “breach” occurred. Viewing the evidence in the light most
favorable to Splawn, a breach did not occur until Wade refused to complete the transaction
in November 2007.
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For the foregoing reasons, we reverse and remand to the trial court for further
proceedings on Splawn’s contractual claims.
Reversed and remanded.
GLADWIN, C.J., and VAUGHT, J., agree.
Jensen Young & Houston, PLLC, by: Perry Y. Young, for appellant.
No response.
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