Filed 11/25/19 by Clerk of Supreme Court
IN THE SUPREME COURT
STATE OF NORTH DAKOTA
2019 ND 279
Raina Marie Saastad, Plaintiff, Appellee,
and Cross-Appellant
v.
Paul Anton Saastad, Defendant, Appellant,
and Cross-Appellee
No. 20190082
Appeal from the District Court of Ramsey County, Northeast Judicial District,
the Honorable Donovan J. Foughty, Judge.
AFFIRMED.
Opinion of the Court by Tufte, Justice.
Patti J. Jensen, East Grand Forks, Minnesota, for plaintiff, appellee, and cross-appellant.
Melinda H. Weerts, Fargo, North Dakota, for defendant, appellant, and cross-appellee.
Saastad v. Saastad
No. 20190082
Tufte, Justice.
[¶1] Paul Saastad appeals from certain district court orders and a divorce
judgment. Raina Saastad cross-appeals, asking us to reverse the district
court’s denial of her request for attorney’s fees. We affirm.
I
[¶2] Paul Saastad and Raina Saastad were married in 2006 and have two
minor children together. In April 2017, Raina Saastad filed for divorce.
[¶3] The issues of residential and decisionmaking responsibility for the
parties’ children were tried to the district court over two days in May 2018. In
July 2018, the parties stipulated on the record to an agreement on financial
issues. As part of the agreement, the parties agreed to pay their own attorney’s
fees.
[¶4] Later in July 2018, the district court entered judgment. The court
granted the parties equal decisionmaking responsibility regarding the
children. It granted Raina Saastad primary residential responsibility, noting
joint residential responsibility would not be in the best interests of the children
given the parties’ unwillingness to communicate or cooperate.
[¶5] Paul Saastad moved for a new trial, seeking to admit newly discovered
evidence. He also moved for relief from judgment, alleging several errors in the
district court’s judgment. Raina Saastad opposed the motions, and in her
response requested attorney’s fees for the additional legal work related to the
post-judgment motions. The district court denied the motion for a new trial,
granted the motion for relief from judgment in part, and denied Raina
Saastad’s request for attorney’s fees.
II
[¶6] Paul Saastad argues the district court erred in awarding primary
residential responsibility of the parties’ two children to Raina Saastad.
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A district court’s award of primary residential responsibility
is a finding of fact reviewed by this Court under the clearly
erroneous standard of review. Schweitzer v. Mattingley, 2016 ND
231, ¶ 22,
887 N.W.2d 541. A finding of fact is clearly erroneous if
it is induced by an erroneous view of the law, if no evidence exists
to support it, or if, after reviewing the entire record, we are left
with a definite and firm conviction a mistake has been made.
Innis-Smith v. Smith, 2018 ND 34, ¶ 7,
905 N.W.2d 914. A court’s
choice for primary residential responsibility between two fit
parents is a difficult one, and this Court will not retry the case or
substitute its judgment for that of the district court when its
decision is supported by the evidence. Thompson v. Thompson,
2018 ND 21, ¶ 8,
905 N.W.2d 772. A court must award primary
residential responsibility in light of the child’s best interests,
considering all the relevant best interest factors under N.D.C.C. §
14-09-06.2(1).
Friesner v. Friesner, 2019 ND 30, ¶ 6,
921 N.W.2d 898.
[¶7] Here, the district court considered each of the best interest factors under
N.D.C.C. § 14-09-06.2(1) and found two factors favored Raina Saastad and one
factor favored Paul Saastad. The court determined seven factors were neutral
and two factors were not applicable to this case. Ultimately, the court decided
joint residential responsibility was inappropriate due to the parties’ inability
to communicate effectively regarding the children. The court concluded its
analysis of the best interest factors favored awarding primary residential
responsibility to Raina Saastad.
[¶8] Paul Saastad argues the district court erred in granting Raina Saastad
primary residential responsibility of their shared children. In support, he cites
Martire v. Martire,
2012 ND 197,
822 N.W.2d 450, in which this Court affirmed
a district court’s grant of joint residential responsibility despite findings that
the parties agreed “on virtually nothing.” However, in Martire, we emphasized
the deference we pay to the trial court’s determination.
Id. at ¶¶ 19–20.
Additionally, we have affirmed district court orders granting primary
residential responsibility to one parent and joint decisionmaking responsibility
to both parents. See, e.g., Dick v. Erman,
2019 ND 54, ¶ 15,
923 N.W.2d 137.
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[¶9] Because the district court decision is supported by the evidence, we do
not substitute our judgment for that of the district court, and we affirm the
order granting primary residential responsibility to Raina Saastad. Thompson,
2018 ND 21, ¶ 8,
905 N.W.2d 772.
III
[¶10] Paul Saastad argues the district court erred in denying his motion for a
new trial.
Under N.D.R.Civ.P. 59(b)(4), the court may vacate a decision
and grant a new trial if there is newly discovered material evidence
that the party, with reasonable diligence, could not have
discovered and produced at the trial. Before a new trial is granted
on the ground of newly discovered evidence, it must be shown: 1)
the evidence was discovered following trial; 2) the movant must
have exercised due diligence in discovering the evidence; 3) the
evidence must not be merely cumulative or impeaching; 4) the
evidence must be material and admissible; and 5) the evidence
must be such that a new trial would probably produce a different
result.
Johnson v. Johnson, 2001 ND 109, ¶ 6,
627 N.W.2d 779. A district court’s
decision on a motion for new trial or for relief from the judgment on the basis
of newly discovered evidence under N.D.R.Civ.P. 59(b)(4) and N.D.R.Civ.P.
60(b)(2) will not be reversed on appeal unless the court abused its discretion.
Id. at ¶ 6.
[¶11] The district court noted in its order denying Paul Saastad’s motion for a
new trial that there was no evidence that Paul Saastad could not have accessed
the photographs before trial. The court thus concluded the evidence could have
been obtained with reasonable diligence and denied Paul Saastad’s motion.
Because the district court’s decision was the product of a rational mental
process leading to a reasoned determination, we conclude it did not abuse its
discretion denying Paul Saastad’s motion for a new trial. We therefore affirm
the district court’s order denying Paul Saastad’s motion for a new trial.
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IV
[¶12] Paul Saastad argues the district court erred in denying his post-trial
motion for relief from judgment. A district court’s decision on a motion for relief
from judgment under N.D.R.Civ.P. 60(b) will not be reversed on appeal unless
the court abused its discretion. Watford City Lodging LLC v. Miskin, 2019 ND
136, ¶ 7,
927 N.W.2d 860.
[¶13] Paul Saastad sought relief from judgment under N.D.R.Civ.P. 60(b)(1)
and (6). The district court granted Paul Saastad’s motion in part, and denied
it in part. In relevant part, the district court denied his request for additional
parenting time on days the children have off from school adjacent to weekends
during which he has custody.
[¶14] Under N.D.R.Civ.P. 60(b)(1), a court may relieve a party from a final
judgment or order due to mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusable neglect.
Rule 60(b)(6), N.D.R.Civ.P., “is the ‘catchall provision’ that allows a court to
grant relief for ‘any other reason that justifies relief’ and should be invoked
only when extraordinary circumstances are present.” Flaten v. Couture,
2018
ND 136, ¶ 29,
912 N.W.2d 330.
[¶15] The district court did not find application of N.D.R.Civ.P. 60(b)(1) or (6)
to be appropriate because the children’s school schedules were known to the
parties at the time of trial. We conclude the district court did not abuse its
discretion. Therefore, we affirm the district court’s order denying Paul
Saastad’s motion for a relief from judgment.
V
[¶16] Raina Saastad cross-appeals, arguing the district court erred by denying
her request for attorney’s fees.
Under N.D.C.C. § 14-05-23, a district court may award
attorney’s fees in a divorce action. The primary considerations for
awarding attorney’s fees under N.D.C.C. § 14-05-23 are one
spouse’s needs and the other spouse’s ability to pay. Friesner, 2019
ND 30, ¶ 20,
921 N.W.2d 898. The statute also authorizes
attorney’s fees when “a party’s actions have unreasonably
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increased the time spent on a case.” Kelly v. Kelly, 2011 ND 167,
¶ 34,
806 N.W.2d 133. A court also has inherent authority to award
attorney’s fees as a sanction for a litigant’s misconduct. Id. at ¶ 35.
A court has broad discretion to award attorney’s fees, and a court
abuses its discretion when it acts in an arbitrary, unconscionable,
or unreasonable manner, or when its decision is not the product of
a rational mental process leading to a reasoned determination.
Friesner, at ¶ 20.
Lizakowski v. Lizakowski, 2019 ND 177, ¶ 18,
930 N.W.2d 609.
[¶17] In Raina Saastad’s request to the district court for attorney’s fees, she
argued an award of fees was appropriate because Paul Saastad’s motion was
untimely and unsupported by law or fact. On appeal, she argues the district
court erred by failing to make findings regarding financial need and ability to
pay. Raina Saastad did not ask the district court to consider her financial
need or Paul Saastad’s ability to pay. Instead, she requested attorney’s fees
as a sanction for an unmeritorious motion. The district court need not
make findings of fact regarding financial need or ability to pay when
ordering attorney’s fees as a sanction. Brew v. Brew,
2017 ND 242, ¶ 34,
903
N.W.2d 72. Here, the district court reasoned that because it had partially
granted the relief sought in the motion, no attorney’s fees were warranted.
We conclude the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying the
request for attorney’s fees.
VI
[¶18] We affirm the orders and divorce judgment.
[¶19] Jerod E. Tufte
Daniel J. Crothers
Jon J. Jensen
James D. Gion, D.J.
Gerald W. VandeWalle, C.J.
[¶20] The Honorable James D. Gion, D.J., sitting in place of McEvers, J.,
disqualified.
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