[Cite as State v. Collins,
2019-Ohio-1239.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 107020
STATE OF OHIO
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
JOSEPH M. COLLINS, JR.
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT:
AFFIRMED
Criminal Appeal from the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-17-616760-A
BEFORE: Blackmon, P.J., Laster Mays, J., and Jones, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: April 4, 2019
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Jennifer N. McTernan
Jennifer N. McTernan, L.L.C.
11510 Buckeye Road
Cleveland, Ohio 44104
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Michael C. O’Malley
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
By: Jillian J. Snyder
Assistant County Prosecutor
The Justice Center, 9th Floor
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, P.J.:
{¶1} Joseph M. Collins, Jr. (“Collins”) appeals his convictions for attempted murder
and other associated offenses and assigns the following errors for our review:
I. Defendant-appellant was denied a fair trial when he suffered actual and
substantial pre[j]udice due to multiple refere[n]ces by testifying witnesses to his
prior criminal history.
II. Defendant-appellant was denied ef[f]ective assi[s]tance of counsel in
violation of Amendments V, VI and XIV of the United States Constitution, and
Article 1, Sections 10 and 16 of the Ohio Constitution.
III. The jury and court found against the manifest weight of the evidence that the
defendant-appellant committed the acts alleged in counts 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the
indictment.
{¶2} Having reviewed the record and pertinent law, we affirm the decision of the trial
court. The apposite facts follow.
{¶3} On the night of December 26, 2016, Andre Danner was shot three times outside of
an apartment complex on Cedar Avenue in Cleveland, where his girlfriend, Lida Glover, lived.
Prior to the shooting, Danner, Lida, Lida’s brother Samuel Glover, Lida and Samuel’s sister
Samantha Robinson, and Samantha’s boyfriend Collins had been arguing inside Lida’s
apartment. During this argument, Collins, who was wearing a grey jogging outfit, lifted his shirt
and showed Danner that he had a gun in his waistband.
{¶4} The argument eventually dissipated, and the group left the apartment. When
Danner was outside, he saw the police approaching and he began to run away from the complex.
As he was running, Danner saw two men standing in an alley with shirts over their faces and
guns in their hands. Danner began to run the other way, and one of the men fired his gun.
Danner was hit in the shoulder and in the back. Danner fell to the ground, face down. Danner
turned his head and saw the shooter standing over him. The man shot Danner again in the neck.
Danner survived and later identified Collins as the man who shot him, because the shooter was
wearing the same grey jogging outfit that Danner saw Collins wearing earlier that evening.
{¶5} On May 10, 2017, Collins was charged with attempted murder, two counts of
felonious assault, and having a weapon while under disability, along with one- and three-year
firearms specifications, a notice of prior convictions specification, and a repeat violent offender
specification. On March 9, 2018, a jury found Collins guilty of the attempted murder, two
assaults, and all firearm specifications. On the same day, the court found Collins guilty of the
remaining count and specifications. On March 12, 2018, the court sentenced Collins to 11 years
in prison for the attempted murder, three years in prison for the firearm specifications, and six
years in prison for the repeat violent offender specification, all to run consecutively. The court
also sentenced Collins to three years in prison for having a weapon while under disability, to run
concurrent to his aggregate sentence of 20 years in prison.
Prior Criminal History
{¶6} Evid.R. 404(B) states that “[e]vidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is not
admissible to prove the character of a person in order to show that he acted in conformity
therewith. It may, however, be admissible for other purposes, such as proof of motive,
opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident.”
This court has held that “an error in the admission of ‘other act[s]’ testimony is harmless when
there is no reasonable possibility that the testimony contributed to the accused’s conviction.”
State v. Nettles, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 85637, 2005-Ohio-4990, ¶ 15.
{¶7} In the case at hand, Collins argues that three witnesses improperly testified about
his criminal history. First, Danner testified that Collins “just got out of jail. … It’s been like,
he had been out like nine months.” Defense counsel objected to this testimony, and the court
sustained the objection. Additionally, the court instructed Danner that he “cannot talk about
[Collins’s] prior criminal history, and you can’t say things like when he got out of prison, when
he got out of jail. You need to keep that — you need to answer questions so that you’re not
mentioning those things, okay?” This admonition was given outside of the presence of the jury.
{¶8} Second, Cleveland Police Detective Bruce Garner (“Det. Garner”) testified as
follows: “I actually did computer checks, record checks. OHLEG, which is part of the State
Bureau of Motor Vehicles (‘BMV’) where we’re actually able to … bring up a person’s BMV
information, photos, driving records, so I was able to get a picture of Joseph Collins.” Defense
counsel’s objections were overruled by the trial court.
{¶9} Third, Tiffany Knight, who testified for the defense, stated on cross-examination
that Collins told her “I go see my parole officer.” The court sustained defense counsel’s
objection and told Knight the following outside of the presence of the jury: “you are not allowed
to speak about a Defendant’s prior criminal history … so I do not want you to mention parole
or anything like that anymore or him being in jail or anything along those lines right now, okay?”
{¶10} Upon review, we find that Det. Garner’s testimony did not violate Evid.R. 404(B).
Evidence that the police found Collins’s picture using a “computer check” of the BMV’s website
is not evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts. Anyone who has an Ohio driver’s license or
identification card will necessarily have a photograph on file with the BMV, and this does not
imply any type of wrongdoing. See State v. Hall, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 19671,
2004-Ohio-663, ¶ 30 (a BMV printout to obtain addresses the defendant has used “does not
portray any form of ‘bad act’ that Evid.R. 404(B) prohibits”).
{¶11} As to Danner and Knight’s testimony, we find that it contains brief references to
Collins having been in jail and on parole. While this testimony may imply that Collins
committed a prior “bad act,” the state did not introduce this evidence to show Collins’s character
and that he acted in conformity therewith. Rather, the testimony was inadvertent and
unsolicited, the court sustained defense counsel’s objections to this testimony, and the court
instructed the witnesses to not testify about Collins’s criminal history.
{¶12} In State v. Southam, 3d Dist. Henry No. 7-12-04, 2012-Ohio-5943, the court found
no violation of Evid.R. 404(B) when a deputy sheriff testified that the defendant “ended up
having a couple of warrants when I ran him ….” Id. at ¶ 14. The court immediately
sustained an objection to this testimony and overruled the defendant’s motion for a mistrial. Id.
On appeal, the court found that “Deputy Walker’s testimony did not detail any specific prior
criminal activity, it was general in nature, and neither a particular crime nor a finding of guilt was
mentioned. Deputy Walker’s brief and inadvertent statement in this case was not the type of
testimony about ‘prior bad acts’ that is usually prohibited in Evid.R. 404.” Id. at ¶ 20. See also
Bruton v. United States,
391 U.S. 123, 135-136,
88 S.Ct. 1620,
20 L.Ed.2d 476 (1968) (“Not
every admission of inadmissible … evidence can be considered to be reversible error
unavoidable through limiting instructions; instances occur in almost every trial where
inadmissible evidence creeps in, usually inadvertently. A defendant is entitled to a fair trial, but
not a perfect one”).
{¶13} A harmless error is “[a]ny error, defect, irregularity, or variance which does not
affect substantial rights” of the accused. Crim.R. 52(A). To affect substantial rights, “means
that the error must have been prejudicial: It must have affected the outcome of the …
proceedings.” United States v. Olano, 507 U.S. 725, 734,
113 S.Ct. 1770,
123 L.Ed.2d 508
(1993). In the case at hand, we find no reasonable possibility that the testimony in question
contributed to Collins’s convictions; therefore, any error is harmless. Accordingly, Collins’s
first assigned error is overruled.
Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
{¶14} To succeed on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must
establish that his or her attorney’s performance was deficient and that the defendant was
prejudiced by the deficient performance. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668,
104 S.Ct.
2052,
80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). However, “a court need not determine whether counsel’s
performance was deficient before examining the prejudice suffered by the defendant as a result of
the alleged deficiencies. The object of an ineffectiveness claim is not to grade counsel’s
performance.”
Id. at 697. See also State v. Bradley,
42 Ohio St.3d 136,
538 N.E.2d 3743
(1989).
{¶15} In the case at hand, Collins argues that his counsel was ineffective by failing to ask
for a curative instruction and move for a mistrial after Danner, Det. Garner, and Knight testified
about Collins’s alleged prior bad acts. Due to the disposition of Collins’s first assigned error,
we cannot say that his counsel performed deficiently by not pursuing and bringing further
attention to the fleeting references to his being in jail and on parole, nor can we say that Collins
was prejudiced. Furthermore, this court has recently found no error when a trial court did not
offer a curative instruction following isolated testimony concerning the defendant’s prior
criminal history. “The trial court indicated that it did not wish to draw any further attention to
the statement and instructed that the questioning move on to another issue.” State v. Payne, 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 105965, 2018-Ohio-1399, ¶ 20.
{¶16} Collins’s second assigned error is overruled.
Manifest Weight of the Evidence
{¶17} In State v. Wilson, 113 Ohio St.3d 382,
2007-Ohio-2202,
865 N.E.2d 1264, ¶ 25,
the Ohio Supreme Court addressed the standard of review for a criminal manifest weight
challenge, as follows:
The criminal manifest-weight-of-the-evidence standard was explained in State v.
Thompkins (1997), 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 1997- Ohio-52,
678 N.E.2d 541. In
Thompkins, the court distinguished between sufficiency of the evidence and
manifest weight of the evidence, finding that these concepts differ both
qualitatively and quantitatively. Id. at 386,
678 N.E.2d 541. The court held that
sufficiency of the evidence is a test of adequacy as to whether the evidence is
legally sufficient to support a verdict as a matter of law, but weight of the
evidence addresses the evidence’s effect of inducing belief. Id. at 386-387,
678
N.E.2d 541. In other words, a reviewing court asks whose evidence is more
persuasive — the state’s or the defendant’s? We went on to hold that although
there may be sufficient evidence to support a judgment, it could nevertheless be
against the manifest weight of the evidence. Id. at 387,
678 N.E.2d 541. “When a
court of appeals reverses a judgment of a trial court on the basis that the verdict is
against the weight of the evidence, the appellate court sits as a ‘thirteenth juror’
and disagrees with the factfinder’s resolution of the conflicting testimony.” Id. at
387,
678 N.E.2d 541, citing Tibbs v. Florida (1982),
457 U.S. 31, 42,
102 S.Ct.
2211,
72 L.Ed.2d 652.
{¶18} An appellate court may not merely substitute its view for that of the jury, but must
find that “in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the jury clearly lost its way and created such a
manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial ordered.”
Thompkins at 387. Accordingly, reversal on manifest weight grounds is reserved for “the
exceptional case in which the evidence weighs heavily against the conviction.”
Id.
{¶19} In the case at hand, Collins argues that all of his convictions — the attempted
murder, two felonious assaults, and having a weapon while under disability — are against the
manifest weight of the evidence. Collins’s argument is based on the “complete lack of physical
evidence.” Specifically, he argues that “[n]o firearms were recovered or tested. No
determination was ever even made as to the kind of gun that shot the victim. … No suspects
were found at the scene. The second assailant was never identified. No video surveillance was
collected from the apartment buildings.”
{¶20} Collins further argues that his convictions are based on eyewitness statements,
particularly Danner’s, and that “Danner’s testimony was not reliable or credible ….” Collins
points to inconsistencies within Danner’s testimony and between Danner’s and other witnesses’
testimony as grounds for his convictions being against the weight of the evidence. We note that
the court stated the following outside of the presence of the jury during Danner’s testimony:
So I want to make this clear for the record, and I think that it needs to be
established that this Defendant, along with the witnesses, all have cognitive
impairments. It’s clear from listening to both the Defendant speak along with
this witness [Danner], who is now on the stand speaking, that this is not a trial of
people whose IQs are of an average intelligence level.
This is a mental health court case and this Defendant’s IQ ranges in the 60s. So
the court is taking extra care to make sure that the Defendant’s rights are, of
course, protected, however.
…
So with that being said, I am going to give the State some latitude in the Direct
Examination of this witness because, of course, it’s clear that he has cognitive
impairments.
It’s clear to the Court that while I don’t have his IQ test in front of me, it’s
perfectly obvious from anyone’s observation that he is not only having challenges
here today, but that he has a very challenging speech pattern that we are now
going to try to understand his cadences and the rhythm of his speech as we
establish this testimony.
Certainly I’m going to try to stop some of the hearsay that we have coming in,
however, this … victim will have some challenges even understanding, I think,
what the Court is saying.
{¶21} This court has recently held that a “factfinder may believe and convict a defendant
based upon the testimony of a single eyewitness, including the victim.” State v. Robertson, 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 106279, 2018-Ohio-2934, ¶ 30. Furthermore, a conviction is not against
the weight of the evidence “solely because the jury heard inconsistent testimony.” State v.
Wade, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 90029,
2008-Ohio-4574, ¶ 38. Additionally, this court has held
that “circumstantial evidence alone is sufficient to support a conviction; physical evidence is not
required.” State v. Jamie, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102103,
2015-Ohio-3583, ¶ 39.
{¶22} Danner testified that he had met Collins before, and Collins was “chubby” and
wore his hair in “dreads.” On the evening in question, when the group was arguing, Collins
“lift[ed] his shirt to show me the gun,” and Collins said, “N …, you don’t want these
problems.” Danner testified that the gun’s handle “was sticking out so far I could see like where
the bullet chamber at.” According to Danner, he later saw Collins, whose nickname is “Man
Man,” use the same gun to shoot him: “he pointed the gun at me, it was a .40 caliber black and
silver.” Danner testified that the other man he saw was taller than Collins. “One was wearing a
gray jogging outfit, the other was wearing some blue jeans and a black jacket and he had long
dreads.”
{¶23} Asked why he believed that the shooter was Collins, Danner testified as follows:
“He had the same clothes on at [Lida’s] house. … A gray jogging outfit.” Danner testified
that Collins was trying to “hide his face” by wrapping a shirt around it, but Danner recognized
Collins’s “hair, his eyes. All he had was — all of this was showing all that was not showing was
his beard and mustache.”
{¶24} According to Danner, Collins pointed the gun at him and said, “N …, I ain’t
going to fight you, n ….” Danner started to run, and he was shot in the shoulder and then in
the back. He did not see which of the men fired the first two shots. However, Danner saw
Collins fire the third shot into his neck.
Q: What about the third shot?
A: Yes, I seen it.
Q: Where did that shot hit you?
A: The back of my throat.
Q: It hit you in the back of the throat?
A: Yeah.
Q: Meaning it entered from the back?
A: Yeah. He tried to shoot me in my head, but it missed.
Q: You saw him fire that shot?
A: Yes.
Q: Were you on the ground at this time?
A: Yes, I was looking at him on the ground.
Q: And this individual came up over you?
A: He stood over me, like, he was about to finish me off.
{¶25} Lida testified that she did not see Collins with a gun that night, but that Danner told
her Collins had a gun. Lida also testified that Collins shot Danner, because she heard gunshots
and then saw Collins run away from the scene. According to Lida, Collins was wearing the
same gray jogging suit that he had been wearing earlier in the evening. Lida further testified that
she did not tell the police that she saw Collins running from the scene that night because the
officer “didn’t ask me that.” Asked if she thought that was relevant or important, Lida stated, “I
don’t know.”
{¶26} Samantha testified that she did not see Collins with a gun on the night in question.
Samantha also testified that Danner was the only person she saw with a gun that night. When
asked to elaborate, she testified that Danner had a shotgun, although he “didn’t actually pull it
out. It was just there, and he was trying to scare me and Samuel with it.” After the argument in
the apartment broke up, Samantha heard gunshots but did not see who fired the gun. According
to Samantha, Collins left the apartment before shots were fired, and she did not see him again
until the next morning. Samantha initially thought Collins went to a homeless shelter. Collins
later told Samantha he had been at his friend Tiffany’s house. Ultimately, Samantha testified
that she did not know where Collins went that night; she only knew what Collins told her.
{¶27} Det. Garner testified that he responded to a call that a male had been shot in the
area of E. 24th Street and Cedar Avenue. When he arrived, no one was at the scene, and he
learned that the victim had been transported to the MetroHealth emergency room. Det. Garner
went to Metro and spoke with Danner, who said that he got into an argument with his girlfriend’s
sister’s boyfriend, whose nickname is “Man” or “Man Man.” Det. Garner learned that Collins
may have been at the homeless shelter on Lakeside, although the detective was unsure how he
got this information. The description Det. Garner had of Collins was a “Black male, 5’8”,
dreads, stocky build, wearing a gray jogging suit.” Det. Garner went to the shelter but could not
locate Collins.
{¶28} Det. Garner next spoke with Danner on January 4, 2017. Danner identified
Collins as the person who shot him. According to Det. Garner, Danner told him that Collins
was inside the apartment and there was kind of beefing and arguing going back
and forth. Like [Collins] kind of pulled up his shirt and [Danner] saw the butt of
a gun sticking out. … Because [Danner] said that at the time he was shot that he
kind of caught a glimpse of [Collins’s] face, and then he recognized the same
clothing that Collins was actually wearing earlier while he was inside the
apartment.
{¶29} Det. Garner also testified that Tiffany’s name did not come up during his
investigation and her name did not appear anywhere in his report. According to Det. Garner, the
first time he heard the name Tiffany was during Collins’s trial.
{¶30} Tiffany Knight testified that she has known Collins for “like a year and a half,” and
they “have been intimate for over a year.” According to Knight, on the night of December 26,
2016, at approximately 10:30 p.m., she picked Collins up from a store on East 36th Street,
because “he just wanted to get away from Samantha and her family.” When she picked Collins
up, he was wearing “a white T-shirt, inside of his winter coat was like an orange and a green
Army fatigue and blue jeans with like the sand stone wash.” They arrived at Knight’s house at
10:46 p.m. Knight’s sister and her friend Tianna arrived at Knight’s house “around 11:10” p.m.
Knight’s friends Kim and Kitty were already at Knight’s house at the time. According to
Knight, her sister and Tianna left at about 3:00 or 4:00 in the morning. Knight, her three
children, Kim, Kitty, and Collins slept in the apartment, and Knight dropped Collins off at his
mother’s house at 7:00 the next morning. According to Knight, she attended a class that
morning at Bryant and Stratton after she dropped off Collins.
{¶31} Knight testified that she remembered the details so specifically because she and
Collins “were intimate that night, and I conceived a baby which I miscarried February 14th that
year, the next year.” Asked if she ever talked to the police regarding this case, Knight answered,
“No.”
{¶32} On cross-examination, Knight testified that she has known Collins for “almost
two-and-a-half years.” Asked more about the class she allegedly attended on the morning of
December 27, 2017, after she dropped Collins off at his mother’s house, Knight admitted that the
school might have been on winter break at the time. She changed her testimony and stated that
she had to go fill out “some paperwork” at the school that morning. “I still call it class, because
if I’m going to do something at school, it’s class. … It was me going to fill out some
paperwork with my teacher, so I consider it class.”
{¶33} Knight further testified that she knew what Collins was wearing that night because
she asked him what he was wearing before she picked him up at the store. Asked why, if she
intimately knew Collins, she needed a description of his clothing, she testified that she does not
like the area where Collins asked to be picked up. “I don’t like going over there, because there’s
a lot of men that be out there and it was late. I don’t go out of the house after dark.”
{¶34} Knight testified that it was a four-minute drive from the store where she picked up
Collins to her place. However, the state established that it took Knight and Collins 16 minutes
to drive from the store to her house on the night in question. Asked to explain the discrepancy,
Knight testified as follows: “Because I went in the store. I was hungry. I went in the store, got
some chips, and I had talked to the guy that was in there. It was like the cashier guy. I asked
him, Can I get some candy? And he took all day to give me the candy.” The prosecutor asked
Knight: “Why did you get out of the car in this area that you just told us you really don’t like
being in and you’re not comfortable there?”
Knight responded: “Because I had to get some stuff … because I didn’t want to go back out of
the house … and that was the only store that was open at the time.”
{¶35} Knight also testified that the first time she made “a real statement” that Collins was
with her and her friends on the night that Danner was shot was during her testimony at Collins’s
trial.
{¶36} Upon review, we find that the weight of the evidence supports Collins’s
convictions, because the state’s evidence was more persuasive than Collins’s evidence. Danner
testified that Collins shot him. Multiple witnesses testified that Danner and Collins, along with
others, were involved in an argument prior to the shooting. Multiple witnesses also testified that
Collins was wearing a gray jogging outfit on the night of the shooting. Det. Garner testified that,
from the beginning of his investigation, the suspect’s description was a “Black male, 5'8", dreads,
stocky build, wearing a gray jogging suit.” This description fits Collins. It was not until
Collins’s trial that Knight stated that she was with Collins on the night of the shooting. Knight
also testified that, at the time of the trial, she was still in a relationship with Collins. It is
reasonable that the jury believed Danner’s testimony over Knight’s testimony.
{¶37} We cannot say that the factfinder lost its way in convicting Collins of shooting
Danner, and Collins’s third assigned error is overruled.
{¶38} Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover of appellant its costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to the Cuyahoga County Court of Common
Pleas to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s conviction having been affirmed,
any bail pending appeal is terminated. Case remanded to the trial court for execution of
sentence.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, PRESIDING JUDGE
ANITA LASTER MAYS, J., and
LARRY A. JONES, SR., J., CONCUR
