State v. Smith

[Cite as State v. Smith, 

.]

                               COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

                              EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                 COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA

STATE OF OHIO,                                    :

                 Plaintiff-Appellee,              :
                                                              No. 107381
                 v.                               :

EDWARD E. SMITH,                                 :

                 Defendant-Appellant.             :


                                JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION

                 JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
                 RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: April 18, 2019


          Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
                              Case No. CR-18-626001-A


                                            Appearances:

                 Paul W. Flowers Co., L.P.A., Louis E. Grube, for appellant.

                 Michael C. O’Malley, Prosecuting Attorney, Lindsay
                 Raskin, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee.


MICHELLE J. SHEEHAN, J.:

                   Edward E. Smith appeals from a sentence of 15 months of prison

imposed by the Cuyahoga County Common Pleas Court for his conviction of

domestic violence. He argues the lengthy sentence for his offense is not clearly and
convincingly supported by the record. After a careful review of the applicable law

and the record, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

Substantive and Procedural Facts

               Smith’s adult son died of a seizure in August 2018, and within a very

short time, Smith’s mother died of a heart attack. When the family gathered to make

arrangements for their funerals, Smith and his sister Syreeta Smith had a verbal

altercation over who should have the custody of Smith’s younger son, who had been

in the custody of Smith’s mother before she died. The altercation turned violent,

and Smith bit his sister on the cheek, leaving a perceptible bite mark under her left

eye. As she drove away with his son and another passenger in her car, Smith threw

a brick at her vehicle.

               Smith was charged with third-degree felony domestic violence (in

violation of R.C. 2919.25(A)) and first-degree misdemeanor criminal damaging.

Upon his request, the trial court had him evaluated by the court’s psychiatric clinic

to determine whether he was competent to stand trial.            After he was found

competent, he pleaded not guilty to the charges but subsequently pleaded guilty to

fourth-degree felony domestic violence and first-degree misdemeanor criminal

damaging.

               After the trial court accepted his guilty plea, Smith waived the PSI and

the court proceeded to sentence him. The court imposed a sentence of a 15-month

prison term for domestic violence and 112 days of jail time for criminal damaging,

to be served concurrently, and gave him 112 days of jail-time credit.
               On appeal, Smith assigns two errors for our review:

      The findings made by the trial court pursuant to R.C. 2929.11 and
      2929.12 in support of the defendant’s lengthy sentence clearly and
      convincingly lack support in the record.

      If R.C. 2953.08(G)(2)(a) entirely forecloses review of findings made
      pursuant to R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12, the statute violates the due
      process clauses of the Ohio and United States Constitutions.

Felony Sentence Review: R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12

               In reviewing felony sentences, we apply the standard of review set

forth in R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). State v. Marcum, 

, 

,

, ¶ 9. Under R.C. 2953.08(G)(2), an appellate court may increase,

reduce, or otherwise modify a sentence, or vacate a sentence and remand for

resentencing if it “clearly and convincingly” find that the record does not support

the sentencing court’s statutory findings under certain statutes (not relevant in this

appeal) or the sentence is “otherwise contrary to law.”

               Under the precedents from this court, a sentence is “contrary to law”

if (1) the sentence falls outside the statutory range for the particular degree of

offense, or (2) the trial court failed to consider the purposes and principles of felony

sentencing set forth in R.C. 2929.11 and the sentencing factors in R.C. 2929.12. See,

e.g., State v. Morgan, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 105682, 

, and

State v. Pawlak, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 103444, 

.

               R.C. 2929.11(A) provides that the overriding purposes of felony

sentencing are (1) to protect the public from future crime by the offender and others

and (2) to punish the offender using the minimum sanctions that the court
determines accomplish those purposes without imposing an unnecessary burden on

state or local government resources.         Further, the sentence imposed shall be

“reasonably calculated” to achieve these purposes, “commensurate with and not

demeaning to the seriousness of the offender’s conduct and its impact on the victim,

and consistent with sentences imposed for similar crimes by similar offenders.” R.C.

2929.11(B).

               In determining the most effective way to comply with the purposes

and principles of sentencing set forth in R.C. 2929.11, the trial court is to consider

the seriousness and recidivism factors enumerated in R.C. 2929.12. See, e.g., State

v. Hamilton, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102870, 

. However, the

trial court is vested with full discretion to determine the weight to assign a particular

statutory factor under R.C. 2929.12, State v. Fisher, 10th Dist. Franklin

No. 13AP-995, 

; and State v. Jones, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga

No. 104152, 

.

               The seriousness factors include the physical or mental injury suffered

by the victim, the offender’s relationship with the victim, and whether there are

substantial grounds to mitigate the offender’s conduct. R.C. 2929.12(B) and (C).

The recidivism factors include any relevant factors that indicate whether an offender

is likely to commit future crimes, such as the offender’s prior criminal history, the

offender’s drug or alcohol abuse, whether the offender responded to previously

imposed sanctions, and whether the offender demonstrated remorse for the offense.

R.C. 2929.12(D) and (E).
               R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12 are not fact-finding statutes, and therefore,

although the sentencing court has a mandatory duty to consider the statutory factors

under R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12, it is not required to make any factual findings under

R.C. 2929.11 or 2929.12. See, e.g., State v. Gay, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 103641,

, ¶ 16, citing State v. Wilson, 

, 

,

, ¶ 31. Consideration of the appropriate factors can be presumed

unless the defendant affirmatively shows otherwise. State v. Stevens, 1st Dist.

Hamilton No. C-130278, 

. Moreover, a trial court’s statement

in its sentencing journal entry that it considered the required statutory factors

sufficiently fulfills its obligations under R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12. See e.g., State v.

Wright, 

, 

 (8th Dist.), and State v. West, 8th

Dist. Cuyahoga No. 105568, 

.

Analysis

               In this case, Smith was convicted of a fourth-degree felony, which

subjected him to a range of 6 to 18 months of prison time. R.C. 2929.14(A)(4). His

15-month term is within the statutory range. Furthermore, the trial court stated in

its journal entry that it considered all required factors of the law and prison is

consistent with the purpose of R.C. 2929.11. Therefore, Smith’s sentence is not

“contrary to law.” Although the trial court here did not make express findings under

R.C. 2929.11 or 2929.12 on the record, it was not required to.
               Smith argues the lengthy prison term imposed by the trial court for

his fourth-degree felony offense cannot be supported by the record under the

seriousness and recidivism factors set forth in the statute.

               We are aware that this court, in State v. Jones, 

, 

 (8th Dist.), held that pursuant to Marcum, 

, 2016-

Ohio-1002, 

, at ¶ 23, the appellate court’s scope of review also

includes reviewing the record to determine if the record clearly and convincingly

supports the trial court’s findings under R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12. However, Jones

has been accepted by the Supreme Court of Ohio for review and held for that court’s

review of State v. Gwynne, 5th Dist. Delaware No. 16 CAA 12 0056, 

.

State v. Jones, 

, 

, 

. The issue in

these two cases to be decided by the Supreme Court of Ohio is whether

R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) allows a court of appeals to review the trial court’s findings made

pursuant to R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12.

               Even if we apply Marcum as interpreted by Jones and review the

record, we do not find by clearly and convincing evidence that the record does not

support the sentence pursuant to the felony sentence principles and factors set forth

in R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12. The record reflects that, before sentencing him, the

trial court heard from the prosecutor, the defense counsel, and the victim. Smith’s

fiancée and Smith himself also addressed the court.

               The prosecutor reported that Smith has a 41-page criminal history

and submitted as exhibits journal entries reflecting Smith’s five prior convictions of
domestic violence between 2000 and 2014. Smith’s sister, the victim, made the

following statement:

      My brother’s actions — his record speaks for itself. …

      He is a demon in my eyes. He will never change. This attitude is not
      because he lost his mother or his son within a 24 hour period. This has
      been Edward since the age of 15, 16 years old. This is who he is.

      …

      He has done nothing but torture my family. My mother, after a double
      transplant, he tripped her after a double transplant, kidneys, and liver.
      He tripped her on the ground, and didn’t have … one regard for her
      health and her safety.

      He is nothing to me. He has terrorized my father. … [W]e don’t allow
      him to know where we live … because we don’t feel safe around him.
      As long as Edward is walking the streets, he is a threat to myself, his
      son, and my family.

      The day that the altercation occurred, he grabbed the child and ran with
      him, my nephew. We had to trick him to make him bring back my
      nephew.

              The prosecutor noted Smith’s inability to control his temper and

anger as he has shown throughout the sentencing hearing and also stressed Smith’s

lengthy criminal history, which included multiple convictions of domestic violence

and repeated parole violations.

              Smith’s counsel, on the other hand, asked the court to take into

consideration the circumstances leading to the instant domestic violence incident.

It occurred within a short time of his son’s and mother’s deaths. The day before the

incident, Smith, who has mental health issues involving bipolar disorder and

depression, was at a hospital for problems relating to his mental health. Counsel
also noted that Smith has been diagnosed with substance abuse, which caused

agitations he frequently exhibited.     Counsel reported Smith had applied for

assistance to address his mental health issues. As to the harm sustained by the

victim, counsel noted that the photograph of the bite mark on the victim’s face

indicated her injury was not severe. Smith’s fiancée also made a statement on his

behalf, asking the court to take into account Smith’s mental health issues.

              Smith himself addressed the court pleading for leniency, emphasizing

that he has not been in trouble with the law since he was released from prison in

mid-2015 after serving a 9-month term for a domestic violence conviction and that

he has been gainfully employed. He was puzzled by his sister’s depiction of him as

a bad guy and asked for the court’s help in addressing his mental health problems.

               Before imposing the 15-month prison term, the court noted that it

reviewed an old PSI associated with Smith’s domestic violence conviction in 2006

to learn about his family history and past criminal record. The court also stated it

took into consideration the remarks by the prosecutor and the defense counsel, as

well as the others who had addressed the court.

              Thus, the record before us contains ample evidence that Smith

repeatedly committed domestic violence against women, undeterred by the

punishments he received for his offenses. While there were mitigating factors such

as his poor mental health, which was exacerbated by his son’s and his mother’s

passing, the recidivism factor weighed heavily against a shorter sentence. Based on

this record, we are unable to find by clear and convincing evidence that the record
does not support Smith’s 15-month prison term under R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12.

The first assignment of error is without merit.

               Under the second assignment of error, Smith advances a due process

argument. He claims that, while the existing case law precedents do not require the

appellate court to review the findings made by the trial court in support of a criminal

sentence, the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States

Constitution and the Due Course of Law Clause in Article I, Section 16 of the Ohio

Constitution both provide a criminal defendant a right to an appellate review of

findings made by the trial court in support of a sentence.           Smith, however,

acknowledges that we, as an intermediate appellate court, are bound by the existing

precedents from the United States Supreme Court and the Supreme Court of Ohio.

He advances the due process argument only to preserve the issue in the event that

the Ohio Supreme Court agrees with the state’s position in Gwynne, 5th Dist.

Delaware No. 16 CAA 12 0056, 

, and Jones, 

,

, 

. In any event, we have concluded in the first

assignment of error that we do not find by clear and convincing evidence that the

record does not support Smith’s sentence pursuant to the felony sentence principles

and factors enumerated in R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12. Smith’s second assignment of

error is overruled.

               For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

      It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.

      The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
      It is ordered that a special mandate issue of this court directing the common

pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s conviction having

been affirmed, any bail pending is terminated. Case remanded to the trial court for

execution of sentence.

      A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27

of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.



MICHELLE J. SHEEHAN, JUDGE

SEAN C. GALLAGHER, P.J., and
ANITA LASTER MAYS, J., CONCUR