[Cite as Johnson v. Levy,
2019-Ohio-3492.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
Doreen Johnson, :
Plaintiff-Appellant, :
No. 18AP-775
v. : (C.P.C. No. 18CV-4149)
Yale R. Levy, : (REGULAR CALENDAR)
Defendant-Appellee. :
D E C I S I O N
Rendered on August 29, 2019
On brief: Doreen Johnson, pro se.
On brief: Levy & Associates, LLC, and Sean M. Winters, for
appellee.
APPEAL from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas
KLATT, P.J.
{¶ 1} Plaintiff-appellant, Doreen Johnson, appeals from a judgment of the
Franklin County Court of Common Pleas granting summary judgment to defendant-appellee, Yale R. Levy. Because appellee has established that there are no genuine issues
of material fact and that he is entitled to judgment as a matter of law, we affirm.
{¶ 2} Appellee, an attorney and the owner of Levy & Associates, LLC, a Columbus
law firm, was retained by Bank of America, N.A. ("the bank") to collect on a debt allegedly
owed by appellant. On December 12, 2017, appellee sent appellant a letter stating that he
and his law firm had been retained by the bank to collect the debt. The letter listed the bank
as creditor, appellant as account holder, the last four digits of the account number
associated with the debt, and the balance due on the debt ($3,603.02). The letter further
No. 18AP-775 2
stated that if appellant notified appellee in writing within 30 days of receipt of the demand
letter that she disputed the validity of the debt, or any portion thereof, appellee would
obtain verification of the debt and mail her a copy of the verification. The letter also
indicated that "[t]his communication is from a debt collector." (Dec. 12, 2017 letter at 1,
attached to appellee's Mot. for Summ. Jgmt., Ex 1.)
{¶ 3} Appellant responded by letter dated January 11, 2018, wherein she disputed
the debt and requested validation of the account "pursuant to the Fair Debt Collection
Practices Act, 15 USC 1692g Sec. 809(b)." (Jan. 11, 2018 letter at 1, attached to appellant's
complaint and appellee's Mot. For Summ. Jgmt., Ex. 2.) Asserting that she neither knew
nor had any business dealings with appellee or his law firm, appellant maintained that
unless appellee submitted certified documentation validating "any such debt that you claim
I owe to you [or your law firm]," he "cease and desist any collection activities and any
further forms of contact/communication with me." (Jan. 11, 2018 letter at 1.) Appellant
further asserted that should appellee fail to comply with her demand for validation, she
would pursue legal action against him.
{¶ 4} By letter dated January 22, 2018, appellee responded to appellant's request
for validation, setting forth the name of the original creditor (the bank), the date the
account was opened (June 14, 2013), the current balance on the account ($3,603.02), the
date of the last account activity (May 15, 2017), and the date the account was charged off
(August 31, 2017). Appellee attached to the letter documentation associated with
appellant's account with the bank. On June 11, 2018, appellee sent appellant a nearly
identical letter, again accompanied by documentation pertaining to appellant's account
with the bank.
{¶ 5} On March 6, 2018, appellee filed a collection action in the Franklin County
Municipal Court ("municipal court") on behalf of the bank.1
1 The record and docket in the relevant municipal court case, Bank of America NA v. Johnson, M.C. No.
2018 CVF 008670, is not included in the record before us on appeal. However, we may take judicial notice
of the municipal court proceedings. The Supreme Court of Ohio has held that a court may take judicial
notice of public court records available on the internet. State ex rel. Everhart v. McIntosh, 115 Ohio St.3d
195,
2007-Ohio-4798, ¶ 8; State v. Rogers, 10th Dist. No. 17AP-610,
2018-Ohio-1073, ¶ 2; State v.
Chairperson of the Ohio Adult Parole Auth., 10th Dist. No. 17AP-651,
2018-Ohio-1620, ¶ 23. In the
municipal court proceedings, appellee is listed as the attorney of record for the bank. The case resulted in
a judgment for the bank and against appellant in the amount of $3,603.02.
No. 18AP-775 3
{¶ 6} On May 21, 2018, appellant filed a pro se complaint against appellee alleging
fraud, negligent misrepresentation, racketeering, extortion, and violation of Section 1692g
of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act ("FDCPA"). Although the complaint is difficult to
understand, it appears that appellant alleged that the municipal court complaint filed by
appellee was fraudulent and part of a "Limited Liability Insurance Scheme" perpetrated by
appellee. (May 21, 2018 Compl. at 2.) Appellant further alleged that she "has no business
dealings/agreements" with appellee and that appellee, as a "Debt Collector/Attorney" for
the bank, "cannot file a complaint or admit evidence into the court." Id. Appellant attached
to her complaint her January 11, 2018 letter.
{¶ 7} On August 10, 2018, appellee filed a motion for summary judgment arguing
that there were no genuine issues of material fact and that he was entitled to judgment as a
matter of law. Appellee supported the motion with his own affidavit along with the three
letters and bank documentation referenced above, all of which were incorporated by
reference as exhibits into his affidavit. Appellant did not file a response to appellee's
motion. In a judgment entry dated September 11, 2018, the trial court granted appellee's
motion for summary judgment.
{¶ 8} Appellant has appealed the trial court's grant of summary judgment, setting
forth a single assignment of error, as follows:
The court erred and abused its discretion in making an
order/decision to grant summary judgment in favor of the
Defendant. The court also erred without considering
Plaintiffs'/Appellants' (herein Doreen) evidence or facts stated
in Doreen's compliant.
(Sic passim.)
{¶ 9} In her sole assignment of error, appellant challenges the trial court's grant of
summary judgment to appellee. Appellant argues that the trial court erred in failing to
consider the "evidence or facts" asserted in her complaint, i.e., that she had "no contracts
and/or agreements nor any business matters with Yale R. Levy who filed fraudulent
documents against [appellant]." (Appellant's brief at 1.)
{¶ 10} A trial court must grant summary judgment under Civ.R. 56 when the moving
party demonstrates that: (1) there is no genuine issue of material fact; (2) the moving party
is entitled to judgment as a matter of law; and (3) reasonable minds can come to but one
No. 18AP-775 4
conclusion when viewing the evidence most strongly in favor of the nonmoving party, and
that conclusion is adverse to the nonmoving party. Hudson v. Petrosurance, Inc., 127 Ohio
St.3d 54,
2010-Ohio-4505, ¶ 29. Appellate review of a trial court's disposition of a motion
for summary judgment is de novo.
Id. An appellate court conducts an independent review
without deference to the trial court's determination. Zurz v. 770 W. Broad AGA, LLC,
192
Ohio App.3d 521,
2011-Ohio-832, ¶ 5 (10th Dist.).
{¶ 11} The party moving for summary judgment bears the initial burden of
informing the trial court of the basis for the motion and identifying those portions of the
record that demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of fact as to a material element of
one or more of the nonmoving party's claims. Dresher v. Burt, 75 Ohio St.3d 280, 293
(1996). The moving party does not discharge this initial burden under Civ.R. 56 by simply
making conclusory allegations.
Id. Rather, the moving party must affirmatively
demonstrate by affidavit or other evidence allowed by Civ.R. 56(C) that there are no
genuine issues of material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of
law.
Id. When a motion for summary judgment is made and supported as provided in
Civ.R. 56(C), the nonmoving party may not rest on the mere allegations or denials in the
pleadings or simply restate or reargue those allegations in order to avoid summary
judgment. Morning View Care Center-Fulton v. Ohio Dept. of Human Servs.,
148 Ohio
App.3d 518, 531,
2002-Ohio-2878 (10th Dist.), citing Swedlow, Butler, Inman, Levine &
Lewis Co., L.P.A. v. Gabelman, 10th Dist. No. 97APG12-1578 (July 14, 1998). Rather,
using an affidavit or other evidence permitted by Civ.R. 56(C), the nonmoving party must
rebut the motion for summary judgment with specific facts demonstrating a genuine issue
for trial.
Dresher at 293. If the nonmoving party does not so respond, summary judgment,
if appropriate, shall be entered against the nonmoving party. Id.; Civ.R. 56(E).
{¶ 12} As noted above, appellant's complaint alleged claims of fraud, negligent
misrepresentation, racketeering, extortion, and violation of Section 1692g of the FDCPA.
However, appellant's brief contains no substantive argument in support of any of those
claims; rather, appellant essentially reasserts the allegations contained in her complaint.
Nevertheless, because our review is de novo, we will address those claims, to the extent
possible, in the context of a motion for summary judgment.
No. 18AP-775 5
{¶ 13} To establish a prima facie case of fraud, a plaintiff must demonstrate: "(1) a
representation material to the transaction, (2) made falsely, with knowledge of its falsity,
or with utter disregard and recklessness regarding its truth or falsity, (3) with the intent to
mislead another into reliance, (4) justifiable reliance on the representation …, and
(5) injury proximately resulting from such reliance." Kamnikar v. Fiorita, 10th Dist. No.
16AP-736, 2017-Ohio-5605, ¶ 31, citing Burr v. Stark Cty. Bd. of Commrs.,
23 Ohio St.3d
69 (1986), paragraph two of the syllabus.
{¶ 14} Negligent misrepresentation occurs when " ' "[o]ne who, in the course of his
business, profession or employment, or in any other transaction in which he has a
pecuniary interest, supplies false information for the guidance of others in their business
transactions, is subject to liability for pecuniary loss caused to them by their justifiable
reliance upon the information, if he fails to exercise reasonable care or competence in
obtaining or communicating the information." ' " Id., quoting Delman v. Cleveland
Heights,
41 Ohio St.3d 1, 4 (1989), quoting 3 Restatement of the Law 2d, Torts, Section
552(1) at 126-27 (1965).
{¶ 15} Appellant's claim for racketeering ostensibly falls under R.C. 2923.32, the
Ohio Corrupt Practices Act ("OCPA"). As part of the OCPA, R.C. 2923.32(A) makes it
unlawful for any person employed by or associated with any enterprise to "conduct or
participate in, directly or indirectly, the affairs of the enterprise through a pattern of corrupt
activity or the collection of an unlawful debt." R.C. 2923.34 provides a civil remedy to a
person injured or threatened with injury by a violation of R.C. 2923.32. A plaintiff asserting
a civil claim under the OCPA must establish: " '(1) that conduct of the defendant involves
the commission of two or more specifically prohibited state or federal criminal offenses;
(2) that the prohibited criminal conduct of the defendant constitutes a pattern; and (3) that
the defendant has participated in the affairs of an enterprise or has acquired and
maintained an interest in or control of an enterprise.' " Morrow v. Reminger & Reminger
Co. LPA, 183 Ohio App.3d 40,
2009-Ohio-2665, ¶ 27 (10th Dist.), quoting Patton v. Wilson,
8th Dist. No. 82079,
2003-Ohio-3379, ¶ 12.
{¶ 16} Regarding appellant's extortion claim, R.C. 2905.11(A) prohibits any person,
"with purpose to obtain any valuable thing or valuable benefit or to induce another to do an
unlawful act," from: (1) "[t]hreaten[ing] to commit any felony; (2) [t]hreaten[ing] to
No. 18AP-775 6
commit any offense of violence; (3) [v]iolat[ing] section 2903.21 or 2903.22 of the Revised
Code; (4) [u]tter[ing] or threaten[ing] any calumny against any person; or (5) [e]xpos[ing]
or threaten[ing] to expose any matter tending to subject any person to hatred, contempt,
or ridicule, or to damage any person's personal or business repute, or to impair any person's
credit."
{¶ 17} From what we can discern from appellant's complaint, her claims for fraud,
negligent misrepresentation, racketeering and extortion allegedly arise from appellee's
conduct in sending appellant the demand letter and filing the collection action against her,
as she had no contacts and/or agreements with appellee or his law firm. Appellant
misconstrues the nature of the proceedings against her. Appellee did not seek to collect on
a debt owed by appellant to him or his law firm. Rather, in sending the demand letter and
filing the collection action, appellee was acting as a debt collector for the bank. Indeed, in
his affidavit, appellee attested that he corresponded with appellant in an attempt to collect
on an account owed to his client, the bank. (Levy Aug. 10, 2018 Aff. at ¶ 4, 6, 7, and 9,
attached to Mot. for Summ. Jgmt.) Appellee's affidavit and the documentation
incorporated therein with regard to his actions on behalf of the bank demonstrate the
absence of a genuine issue of material fact as to these claims.
{¶ 18} Appellee's Civ.R. 56(C) materials also demonstrate the absence of a genuine
issue of material fact as to appellant's claim that appellee violated Section 1692g of the
FDCPA. The FDCPA "establishes certain rights for consumers whose debts are placed in
the hands of professional debt collectors for collection, and requires that such debt
collectors advise the consumers whose debts they seek to collect of specified rights."
DeSantis v. Computer Credit, Inc., 269 F.3d 159, 161 (2d Cir.2001). Section 1692g(a)(1)
through (5) provides that a debt collector must, in either the initial communication with
the consumer in connection with the collection of a debt, or within five days after the initial
communication with the consumer, send the consumer a written notice containing (1) the
amount of the debt; (2) the name of the creditor to whom the debt is owed; (3) a statement
that unless the consumer, within 30 days after receipt of the notice, disputes the validity of
the debt or any portion thereof, the debt will be assumed to be valid by the debt collector;
(4) a statement that if the consumer notifies the debt collector in writing within the 30-day
period that the debt, or any portion thereof, is disputed, the debt collector will obtain
No. 18AP-775 7
verification of the debt or a copy of the judgment against the consumer and a copy of such
verification or judgment will be mailed to the consumer by the debt collector; and (5) a
statement that, upon the consumer's written request within the 30-day period, the debt
collector will provide the consumer with the name and address of the original creditor, if
different from the current creditor.
{¶ 19} The FDCPA further provides that if the consumer notifies the debt collector
in writing within the 30-day period set forth in Section 1692(a) that the debt, or any portion
thereof, is disputed, the debt collector shall cease collection of the debt, or any disputed
portion thereof, until the debt collector obtains verification of the debt and a copy of such
verification is mailed to the consumer by the debt collector. 15 USC 1692g(b). A debt
collector violates the FDCPA if it fails to convey the information required by the act. Id.
{¶ 20} The evidentiary materials attached to appellee's summary judgment motion,
including his affidavit and the December 12, 2017, January 11, January 22, and June 11,
2018 correspondence incorporated therein, demonstrate that there is no genuine issue of
material fact as to appellant's claim that appellee violated the FDCPA. The correspondence
establishes that appellee properly conveyed the information required by the FDCPA to
appellant. Appellant offered no qualified summary judgment evidence to establish a factual
issue as to appellee's compliance with the FDCPA.
{¶ 21} Further, there is no indication that the trial court failed to consider the
"evidence or facts" contained in appellee's complaint. We note initially that the complaint
contains merely a litany of causes of action against appellee; it does not include even a
formulaic recitation of the elements of any of the causes of action purportedly asserted, not
to mention sufficient operative facts to establish the elements of each of the claims.
Moreover, the trial court noted in its judgment entry that the evidentiary materials
submitted by appellee in support of his motion for summary judgment refuted the claims
set forth in the complaint. The court's statement in this regard demonstrates that it
considered the "evidence or facts" contained in the complaint. The court further noted that
appellant failed to present any evidence in response to appellee's motion for summary
judgment. As noted above, a party confronted with a properly supported motion for
summary judgment may not rest on the mere allegations or denials in the pleadings or
No. 18AP-775 8
simply restate or reargue those allegations in order to avoid summary judgment. Morning
View Care Center-Fulton, 148 Ohio App.3d 518, at 531.
{¶ 22} Finally, due to her pro se status, appellant requests that this court excuse her
noncompliance with court procedure. We cannot do so. "Pro se litigants are presumed to
have knowledge of the law and legal procedures and are held to the same standard as
litigants who are represented by counsel." Rizzo-Lortz v. Erie Ins. Grp., 10th Dist. No.
17AP-623, 2019-Ohio-2133, ¶ 18, citing In re Application of Black Fork Wind Energy, LLC,
138 Ohio St.3d 43,
2013-Ohio-5478, ¶ 22. "A litigant proceeding pro se can neither expect
nor demand special treatment."
Id., citing Suon v. Mong, 10th Dist. No. 17AP-879, 2018-
Ohio-4187, ¶ 26.
{¶ 23} There is simply no evidence to support appellant's claims for fraud, negligent
misrepresentation, racketeering, extortion, or violation of the FDCPA in appellee's
representation of the bank in the debt collection process against appellant. Thus, appellee
has established that there is no genuine issue of material fact remaining to be litigated and
that he entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Accordingly, we overrule appellant's sole
assignment of error, and affirm the judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common
Pleas.
Judgment affirmed.
BROWN and DORRIAN, JJ., concur.
