09/28/2021
DA 21-0071
Case Number: DA 21-0071
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2021 MT 250N
PATRICK O. NEISS,
Petitioner and Appellant,
v.
STATE OF MONTANA,
Respondent and Appellee.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Thirteenth Judicial District,
In and For the County of Yellowstone, Cause No. DV 20-641
Honorable Gregory R. Todd, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Patrick O. Neiss, Self-Represented, Shelby, Montana
For Appellee:
Austin Knudsen, Montana Attorney General, Tammy K Plubell, Assistant
Attorney General, Helena, Montana
Scott Twito, Yellowstone County Attorney, Billings, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: September 8, 2021
Decided: September 28, 2021
Filed:
c ir-641.—if
__________________________________________
Clerk
Justice James Jeremiah Shea delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court Internal Operating
Rules, this case is decided by memorandum opinion, shall not be cited and does not serve
as precedent. Its case title, cause number, and disposition shall be included in this Court’s
quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana Reports.
¶2 Patrick O. Neiss appeals from the Order of the Thirteenth Judicial District Court,
Yellowstone County, denying his petition for postconviction relief. Neiss asserts his trial
counsel was ineffective for failing to move to suppress evidence seized in a 2015 search
warrant on the grounds that the search warrant was not particularized and was overbroad.
Neiss also asserts that his appellant counsel was ineffective for failing to raise an
ineffective assistance of counsel (IAC) claim against his trial counsel on direct appeal.
We affirm.
¶3 During the course of their investigation, detectives applied for two search warrants
relevant to this appeal. In 2013, the District Court granted a search warrant of Neiss’s
residence and authorized the seizure of electronic devices. During this search, detectives
seized two laptops and a desktop computer. In 2015, the District Court approved a second
search warrant to search the contents of the computers seized in 2013. Neiss’s trial counsel
moved to suppress evidence obtained from both the 2013 and 2015 search warrants alleging
multiple bases for suppression. Neiss’s trial counsel also sought to exclude evidence
derived from the searches via motions in limine. The District Court denied the motions.
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¶4 In January 2016, a jury convicted Neiss of deliberate homicide and tampering with
evidence; the District Court sentenced him to 110 years in prison. Following his
conviction, Neiss filed a direct appeal, arguing in part that the court erred by denying his
motion to suppress evidence obtained pursuant to the 2015 search because the warrant
lacked particularity. On June 4, 2019, this Court affirmed the conviction, and found that
Neiss’s trial counsel had not preserved the particularity objection to the 2015 search
warrant for appeal but concluded that both the 2013 and 2015 search warrants were
supported with probable cause. State v. Neiss, 2019 MT 125, ¶¶ 49, 60,
396 Mont. 1,
443 P.3d 435.1
¶5 On April 28, 2020, Neiss filed a petition for postconviction relief, asserting that his
trial counsel provided ineffective assistance of counsel for failing to preserve the
particularity objection to the 2015 search warrant for direct appeal, and that his appellate
counsel provided ineffective assistance by failing to assert an IAC claim against Neiss’s
trial counsel on direct appeal.
¶6 We review a district court’s denial of a petition for postconviction relief to determine
whether the court’s findings are clearly erroneous and whether its conclusions of law are
correct. Cheetham v. State,
2019 MT 290, ¶ 7,
398 Mont. 131,
454 P.3d 673. IAC claims
contain mixed questions of law and fact and are reviewed de novo. Cheetham, ¶ 7.
1
Two Justices dissented, finding the particularity objection had been preserved and that it
constituted reversible error. Neiss, ¶¶ 111–15.
3
¶7 To prevail on an IAC claim, a petitioner must show both that counsel’s performance
was deficient, and that the deficient performance prejudiced the defense. Strickland v.
Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687,
104 S. Ct. 2052, 2064 (1984); Rose v. State,
2013 MT 161,
¶ 15,
370 Mont. 398,
304 P.3d 387. This standard also applies to IAC claims against
appellate counsel. Rose, ¶ 15 (citing Rogers v. State,
2011 MT 105, ¶ 37,
360 Mont. 334,
253 P.3d 889).
¶8 The District Court did not err when it found Neiss had not established that his trial
counsel’s performance was deficient. This Court applies a “strong presumption that
counsel’s conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance”
contemplated by the Sixth Amendment. Strickland,
466 U.S. at 689,
104 S. Ct. at 2065.
The petitioner bears a “heavy burden” to overcome this presumption. Whitlow v. State,
2008 MT 140, ¶ 21,
343 Mont. 90,
183 P.3d 861. A finding that counsel could have done
a “better” or “more thorough” job is insufficient to establish ineffective assistance.
See State v. Hagen,
2002 MT 190, ¶ 23,
311 Mont. 117,
53 P.3d 885.
¶9 Neiss argues that because this Court found the objection of particularity was not
preserved below, he has established the first prong of Strickland. Failing to preserve an
issue for appellate review does not amount to “a presumptively deficient performance . . . .”
Hammer v. State,
2008 MT 342, ¶ 13,
346 Mont. 279,
194 P.3d 699. Neiss’s trial counsel
doggedly attempted to suppress the evidence obtained from both the 2013 and 2015 search
warrants on multiple grounds. They also attempted to exclude the evidence via motions in
limine. Neiss has not carried his heavy burden of rebutting the strong presumption that his
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counsel’s conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance
contemplated by the Sixth Amendment. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689,
104 S. Ct. at 2065;
Whitlow, ¶ 14.
¶10 Having concluded that Neiss has failed to establish ineffective assistance as to his
trial counsel, it necessarily follows that his IAC claim regarding his appellate counsel must
fail. Neiss claims his appellate counsel was ineffective because she failed to allege trial
counsel’s ineffective assistance as an issue on direct appeal. Yet if an IAC claim regarding
his trial counsel would have failed in any event, Neiss cannot establish that he was
prejudiced by his appellate counsel’s “failure” to raise the issue on direct appeal.
¶11 We have determined to decide this case pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c) of our
Internal Operating Rules, which provides for memorandum opinions. This appeal presents
no constitutional issues, no issues of first impression, and does not establish new precedent
or modify existing precedent. Neiss has failed to establish that his trial or appellate counsel
were ineffective. His conviction is affirmed.
/S/ JAMES JEREMIAH SHEA
We Concur:
/S/ MIKE McGRATH
/S/ DIRK M. SANDEFUR
/S/ JIM RICE
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Justice Ingrid Gustafson, dissenting.
¶12 In this postconviction relief matter, Patrick O. Neiss (Neiss) asserts that pursuant to
the Dissenting Opinion of the underlying appeal, the dissenting Justices would have
reversed his conviction based on lack of particularity of the 2015 search warrant and facial
invalidity of both the 2013 and 2015 search warrants and remanded the matter for a new
trial. Further, Neiss asserts that as the majority declined to the reach the question as to the
lack of particularity with regard to the 2015 search warrant and facial invalidity of both
warrants—finding these issues were not preserved1—his trial counsel were thus ineffective
in failing to preserve the issues for appeal.
¶13 While I agree that “Neiss’s trial counsel doggedly attempted to suppress the
evidence obtained from both the 2013 and 2015 search warrants on multiple grounds” as
indicated in the Opinion, that is not the law of the case resultant from the majority opinion
in Neiss. Opinion, ¶ 9. Under the doctrine of law of the case, a prior decision of this Court
resolving a particular issue between the same parties is binding and cannot be relitigated.
State v. Glider, 2001 MT 121, ¶ 9,
305 Mont. 362,
28 P.3d 488. In his underlying appeal,
the majority refused to consider lack of particularity of the 2015 search warrant or his claim
of facial invalidity of both search warrants concluding Neiss failed to preserve these claims.
1
“After reviewing the record, however, we find that while Neiss clearly argued that the March
2013 Warrant lacked particularity, he made no such argument about the August 2015 Warrant; in
the District Court, Neiss only claimed the August 2015 Warrant lacked probable cause, which he
does not pursue on appeal. Additionally, Neiss never raised the issue of facial validity with the
District Court as to either warrant.” State v. Neiss,
2019 MT 125, ¶ 49,
396 Mont. 1,
443 P.3d
435.
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Neiss, ¶ 49. As such, I would follow the law of the case. Because counsel failed to preserve
these search warrant issues, I would conclude Neiss’s trial counsel were ineffective. As
their failure to preserve these issues deprived Neiss of consideration of these issues which
the dissenting Justices found warranted reversal in his underlying appeal, I would conclude
he was prejudiced, and I would reverse and remand for a new trial.
/S/ INGRID GUSTAFSON
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