2021 Ohio 2232 - State v. Stultz

[Cite as State v. Stultz,

2021-Ohio-2232

STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF LORAIN )

STATE OF OHIO C.A. No. 20CA011625

Appellee

v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
ENTERED IN THE
DAVID STULTZ AVON LAKE MUNICIPAL COURT
COUNTY OF LORAIN, OHIO
Appellant CASE No. TRC19000395

DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: June 30, 2021

SUTTON, Judge.

{¶1} Defendant-Appellant, David Stultz, appeals the decision of the Avon Lake

Municipal Court related to his motion to suppress evidence and his subsequent jury conviction.

For the reasons outlined below, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

Eyewitness 911 Call

{¶2} At approximately 8:24 p.m. on April 15, 2019, a call came into the 911 dispatch

center in Avon, Ohio. The caller, H.E., observed a black Cadillac Escalade (“SUV”) driving

erratically. H.E. testified she decided to call 911 because at one point the SUV swerved off the

right-hand side of the road and overcorrected into oncoming traffic. H.E. was a passenger in her

friend’s vehicle and, while on the 911 call, they continued following the SUV. As H.E. and her

friend followed the SUV, H.E. relayed information to the dispatcher about the location of the SUV

and its erratic movements. H.E. testified that, as the SUV made a right turn onto Moore Road, the
2

driver first went over the curb and then overcorrected again into oncoming traffic. The driver was

able to get close enough for H.E. to relay the license plate information to the dispatcher. As the

SUV left Avon and entered Avon Lake, H.E.’s call was transferred to Avon Lake dispatch.

{¶3} Lieutenant Fran Tibbetts of the Avon Lake Police Department was at the Avon

Lake dispatch center when H.E.’s call came in. Lt. Tibbetts testified he stayed just long enough

to learn that an erratic driver was heading into Avon Lake’s jurisdiction and then he immediately

headed to his vehicle to attempt to intercept the SUV. As Lt. Tibbetts traveled in the direction of

the SUV, dispatch continued relaying real-time information over the radio about the SUV’s

location and erratic movements. Dispatch also relayed the license plate number of the SUV and

the address where the vehicle was registered. As Lt. Tibbetts continued to head in the direction of

the SUV, dispatch informed him the SUV had turned onto Westbrook Circle, the street

corresponding to the vehicle’s registration.

The Arrest

{¶4} Lt. Tibbetts arrived on Westbrook Circle shortly thereafter. As he proceeded down

the street, he passed a car with two women in the front seats. The women were pointing to a black

SUV parked in the driveway at a home at the top of a cul-de-sac. Lt. Tibbetts inferred the vehicle

occupants were the 911 callers. The vehicle the women were pointing at matched the description

of the SUV that Lt. Tibbetts was trying to locate. Further, the SUV was parked at the address that

the dispatcher relayed to him. As Lt. Tibbetts parked and approached the SUV, Officer Tim

Schleicher, also of the Avon Lake Police Department, joined him.

{¶5} As Lt. Tibbetts and Officer Schleicher exited their vehicles, the SUV was running

in the driveway. Loud music was emanating from the vehicle and the driver’s side door was open.

The officers found Mr. Stultz seated in the driver’s seat. Upon making contact, Lt. Tibbetts
3

described Mr. Stultz as appearing to be “extremely” intoxicated and testified that Mr. Stultz was

“mumbling incoherently.” Both officers testified that his eyes were bloodshot and glassy and an

odor of alcohol was coming from the vehicle and Mr. Stultz’s person. Lt. Tibbetts asked Mr. Stultz

to step out of the vehicle and both officers indicated Mr. Stultz had trouble exiting his vehicle

safely. As both officers helped him exit the vehicle, Mr. Stultz knocked his lit cigarette into Officer

Schleicher’s arm. Mr. Stultz was agitated and combative with the officers. Because of his

condition, the officers determined that field sobriety tests could not be safely performed.

{¶6} Both officers testified that Mr. Stultz kept mumbling about his dog being in the

house. Officer Schleicher testified that when asked if anyone was in the house, Mr. Stultz

responded that just his dog was in the house. Officer Schleicher then entered the open garage and

knocked “many times” on the garage door of the home. No one appeared at the door in response

to Officer Schleicher’s knocking. Officer Schleicher also testified that he did not hear a dog

barking. Before leaving the scene, Officer Schleicher testified he went around to the back of the

house to make sure a dog was not tied up in the yard and did not find the dog, or anyone, in the

backyard.

{¶7} Lt. Tibbetts then placed Mr. Stultz under arrest and Officer Schleicher transported

him back to the station for booking. Mr. Stultz then refused a breathalyzer test at the police station.

Mr. Stultz was charged with one count of violating R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a), operating a motor

vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or drugs.

Suppression and the Trial

{¶8} Mr. Stultz entered a plea of not guilty to operating a motor vehicle while under the

influence of alcohol or drugs. Mr. Stultz then filed a motion to suppress on the grounds that the
4

officers lacked probable cause to arrest him. The trial court denied his motion, finding the officers

had probable cause to arrest Mr. Stultz.

{¶9} The case proceeded to trial. Both officers and H.E. testified at trial. Mr. Stultz also

testified at trial in his own defense and admitted to consuming about eight drinks over a period of

about three hours that evening. He argued that he was not driving that night, and presented a

witness, A.C., whom he alleged was driving his SUV that evening. A.C., a 17-year-old friend and

part-time employee of Mr. Stultz, testified he was driving Mr. Stultz’s SUV on the night in

question. A.C. testified he let Mr. Stultz out of the SUV before backing into the driveway and

then A.C. exited the SUV and went into the house. This testimony directly contradicted the

testimony of H.E., who testified that she followed the SUV until it pulled into the driveway and

continued watching the SUV until the police officers arrived. H.E. stated she could see the driver’s

side door of the vehicle and that no one exited the vehicle before the officers arrived. H.E. also

testified at trial that after the officers arrived at the scene, she received a phone call from the police

department asking her to come down and make a written statement. She went to the police station

and gave a written statement.

{¶10} A jury convicted Mr. Stultz of the sole count of operating a motor vehicle while

under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Mr. Stultz now appeals.

II.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I

THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR WHEN IT
OVERRULED [MR. STULTZ’S] MOTION TO SUPPRESS THE UNLAWFUL
ARREST BY THE POLICE, AND THE EVIDENCE GATHERED FOLLOWING
HIS UNLAWFUL ARREST BY POLICE, IN VIOLATION OF [MR. STULTZ’S]
RIGHTS UNDER THE FOURTH, SIXTH, AND FOURTEENTH
AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION, AND
SECTIONS 10, 14, AND 16, ARTICLE I OF THE OHIO CONSTITUTION.
5

{¶11} In his first assignment of error, Mr. Stultz argues the trial court erred by denying

his motion to suppress because the record did not reflect the officers had probable cause to arrest

him. Specifically, he asserts that because the responding officers did not have a description of the

driver or information on the number of passengers in the SUV, the officers did not have probable

cause to arrest him. For the reasons below, we disagree.

Motion to Suppress

{¶12} A motion to suppress presents mixed questions of law and fact. State v. Burnside,

100 Ohio St.3d 152

2003-Ohio-5372

, ¶ 8. “When considering a motion to suppress, the trial court

assumes the role of trier of fact and is therefore in the best position to resolve factual questions

and evaluate the credibility of witnesses.”

Id.,

 citing State v. Mills,

62 Ohio St.3d 357

, 366 (1992).

Thus, a reviewing court gives deference to and “must accept the trial court’s findings of fact if

they are supported by competent, credible evidence.”

Id.,

 citing State v. Fanning,

1 Ohio St.3d 19

, 20 (1982). “Accepting these facts as true, the appellate court must then independently

determine, without deference to the conclusion of the trial court, whether the facts satisfy the

applicable legal standard.”

Id.,

 citing State v. McNamara,

124 Ohio App.3d 706

, 710 (4th

Dist.1997).

       {¶13} The standard for determining if there was probable cause to justify an arrest for

OVI is whether, at the time of arrest, the officer had sufficient facts derived from a reasonably

trustworthy source to cause a prudent person to believe the suspect was driving under the influence.

State v. Hopp, 9th Dist. Summit No. 28095,

2016-Ohio-8027

, ¶ 8. This Court has previously stated

that “there is no prerequisite that an officer observes erratic driving in order to effectuate an arrest

for driving under the influence.” State v. Kurjian, 9th Dist. Medina No. 06CA0010-M, 2006-Ohio-

6669, ¶ 17, citing State v. Rouse, 7th Dist. Belmont No. 04 BE 53,

2005-Ohio-6328

, ¶ 35.
6

Findings Supported by Competent, Credible Evidence

{¶14} A review of the record reveals the trial court’s findings are based upon competent,

credible evidence. In its judgment entry, the trial court made several findings related to the

incident. The trial court found that the call came into dispatch from H.E., who observed Mr. Stultz

driving erratically and relayed in real time to dispatch a detailed description of the SUV and its

erratic movements. Dispatch relayed these observations to the responding officers. The trial court

noted that H.E. followed the vehicle all the way until it reached its destination and later returned

to the Avon Lake Police Department to make a written statement. The trial court also noted, and

the officers testified, that upon arriving at the scene they found Mr. Stultz in the driver’s seat of a

running vehicle. Mr. Stultz was “mumbling incoherently” and appeared to be extremely

intoxicated. The trial court noted that Mr. Stultz appeared to be agitated and combative with the

officers, and that given Mr. Stultz’s appearance of being highly intoxicated, the officers did not

believe they could safely perform the field sobriety tests. After a review of the suppression hearing

transcript, we can conclude that the trial court’s findings of fact are supported by competent,

credible evidence.

Probable Cause for Arrest

{¶15} In making a probable cause determination, we examine the totality of facts and

circumstances surrounding the arrest. As previously stated, evidence was presented at the

suppression hearing that the police officers had a report of erratic driving by a 911 caller. When a

911 caller immediately calls 911 and is able to give a precise description of a vehicle and its

location, this lends credibility to the caller’s account and provides sufficient reliability for the

officers. State v. Dellagnese, 9th Dist. Summit No. 27492,

2015-Ohio-4349

, ¶ 9-10. Upon arriving

at the scene, the officers observed Mr. Stultz in a running vehicle, “mumbling incoherently” with
                                                 7


bloodshot and glassy eyes. Both officers described an odor of alcohol coming from Mr. Stultz.

An officer has probable cause to arrest where the officer received a radio broadcast of erratic

driving and arrived at the scene to observe a suspect who appeared under the influence. See City

of North Ridgeville v. Hummel, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 04CA008513,

2005-Ohio-595

, ¶ 20. See also,

Akron v. Smith, 9th Dist. Summit No. 21519,

2003-Ohio-5773

, ¶ 19 (evidence of erratic driving,

bloodshot eyes, an odor of alcohol, and an admission of drinking was sufficient to establish

probable cause).

{¶16} Based on these facts, we find that Mr. Stultz’s arrest was based on sufficient

information derived from a reasonably trustworthy source of facts and circumstances, sufficient to

cause a prudent person to believe that Mr. Stultz had been driving under the influence.

{¶17} Accordingly, the trial court did not err in denying Mr. Stultz’s motion to suppress

and Mr. Stultz’s first assignment of error is overruled.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II

THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT PREJUDICED [MR. STULTZ] BY
ADMITTING INTO EVIDENCE CRUISER VIDEO OVER THE [DEFENSE’S]
OBJECTION AND OFFER TO STIPULATE.

{¶18} In his second assignment of error, Mr. Stultz argues the trial court erred by

admitting a video taken from inside of Officer Schleicher’s cruiser as he transported Mr. Stultz to

police headquarters for booking. Mr. Stultz asserts that the video was more prejudicial than

probative and should not have been admitted because Mr. Stultz was willing to stipulate to being

intoxicated that night. For the following reasons, this assignment of error is overruled.

{¶19} The record shows there were two videos related to this case. The first video was

from Officer Schleicher’s cruiser. The second video was footage of Mr. Stultz in the booking

room at the Avon Lake Police Department. Neither of the videos were played at the suppression
8

hearing, but from the trial transcript it appears the State submitted the videos to the trial judge as

part of the trial court record. According to the trial transcript, it appears the first video of Mr.

Stultz in the police cruiser was played for the jury, but the State declined to play the second video

of Mr. Stultz in the booking room. However, neither of the videos were transmitted to this Court

as part of the record on appeal.

{¶20} Mr. Stultz argues the trial court erred by allowing the State to play the video of Mr.

Stultz in the cruiser despite his objection and offer to stipulate to intoxication. However, a review

of the record does not show an offer to stipulate by Mr. Stultz.

{¶21} Mr. Stultz did object to the admission of the videos on the grounds that their

prejudicial effect outweighed their probative value. Although Mr. Stultz challenges the admission

of the cruiser video, he has not provided the cruiser video as part of the record. It is the appellant’s

burden to supply a complete record on appeal. See State v. Filip, 9th Dist. Medina No. 16CA0049-

2017-Ohio-5622

, ¶ 16; State v. Daniel, 9th Dist. Summit No. 27390,

2014-Ohio-5112

, ¶ 5.

This Court provided additional time for the parties, including Mr. Stultz, to supplement the record

with the cruiser video prior to issuing this decision, but the video was never produced. Because

Mr. Stultz did not include the cruiser video in the record before this Court, we are required to

presume regularity in the proceedings and overrule the assignment of error relating to the trial

court’s admission of the cruiser video on that basis. See Filip at ¶ 16; State v. Mencini, 9th Dist.

Summit No. 27322,

2015-Ohio-89

, ¶ 21; State v. Cooper, 9th Dist. Medina No. 12CA0067-M,

2013-Ohio-5489

, ¶ 12.

        {¶22} Additionally, Mr. Stultz briefly alleges prosecutorial misconduct during the cross-

examination of Mr. Stultz. However, Mr. Stultz cites no legal authority in support of his argument

and cites no specific examples of prosecutorial misconduct in the record. It is Mr. Stultz’s burden
                                                  9


on appeal to demonstrate prejudice. As this Court has stated “[a]n appellant bears the burden of

formulating an argument on appeal and supporting that argument with citations to the record and

to legal authority.” State v. Watson, 9th Dist. Summit No. 24232,

2009-Ohio-330

, ¶ 5, citing

App.R. 16(A)(7).

       {¶23} Accordingly, Mr. Stultz’s second assignment of error is overruled.

                                 ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III

       A CONVICTION FOR OPERATING A VEHICLE UNDER THE INFLUENCE
       IN VIOLATION OF O.R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(d) WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST
       WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.

       {¶24} In his third assignment of error, Mr. Stultz argues his conviction for operating a

vehicle while under the influence was against the manifest weight of the evidence. For the

following reasons, this assignment of error is overruled.

       {¶25} As stated above, it is the appellant’s burden to supply a complete record on appeal.

Filip at ¶ 16; Daniel at ¶ 5. We previously held that in order for this Court to consider an

assignment of error related to manifest weight, the record must include all evidence relevant to the

findings or conclusions of the trial court:

       Pursuant to App.R. 9(B), an appellant who wishes to assert a finding or conclusion
       is unsupported by the evidence or against the manifest weight of the evidence shall
       include in the record “a transcript of all evidence relevant to the findings or
       conclusion.”

Cook v. Bell, 9th Dist. Summit No. 25092,

2010-Ohio-3579

, ¶ 9. Under App.R. 9(B)(6)(g), the

transcript is to have any admitted exhibits attached to it.

       {¶26} In this case, the record contains a transcript of the trial proceedings and the

photographs and other documents presented at trial. However, although the transcript indicates

the video exhibit that is the subject of the second assignment of error was admitted into evidence,

it was not included in the record for this Court’s review. And as stated above, this Court provided
                                                 10


additional time for the parties, including Mr. Stultz, to supplement the record with the cruiser video

prior to issuing this decision. No video was ever provided, and the parties gave no notice to this

Court that they were unable to provide the video.

       {¶27} When portions of the transcript necessary for resolution of assigned errors are

omitted from the record, the reviewing court has no choice but to presume the validity of the lower

court’s proceedings and affirm. Cook at ¶ 9, quoting Knapp v. Edwards Laboratories,

61 Ohio St.2d 197

, 199 (1980). Thus, in the absence of a complete record, this Court must presume

regularity in the trial court’s proceedings and accept its judgment.

Id.,

 citing Wozniak v. Wozniak,

90 Ohio App.3d, 400

, 409 (9th Dist.1993).

{¶28} Because the record does not contain all of the evidence relevant to Mr. Stultz’s third

assignment of error, this Court cannot conclude the trial court’s judgment was against the manifest

weight of the evidence or that the trial court erred by rendering judgment against Mr. Stultz.

{¶29} Accordingly, Mr. Stultz’s third assignment of error is overruled.

III.

{¶30} For the reasons indicated above, Mr. Stultz’s assignments of error are overruled.

The judgment of the Avon Lake Municipal Court is affirmed.

Judgment affirmed.

There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Avon Lake Municipal

Court, County of Lorain, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of

this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
11

Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the period

for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is instructed to

mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the mailing in the

docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

Costs taxed to Appellant.

BETTY SUTTON
FOR THE COURT

HENSAL, P. J.
CONCURS.

CARR, J.
CONCURRING IN JUDGMENT ONLY.

{¶31} Although I agree that Mr. Stultz’s conviction should be affirmed, I would analyze

some of the issues differently.

{¶32} In the second assignment of error, the State argues that Old Chief v. United States,

519 U.S. 172

 (1997) is not controlling because it only applies to stipulations regarding prior

convictions. This Court does not have to reach the scope of Old Chief’s application though

because no offer to stipulate is in the record.

       {¶33} As to the third assignment of error, I agree that the absence of a videotape that was

admitted into evidence usually prevents review of the manifest weight of the evidence. However,

this case is an exception because whether Mr. Stultz was driving was the sole issue at trial. Mr.

Stultz does not contest that he was intoxicated but he does contest that he was
                                                 12


driving. Consequently, the videotape here of his transport to the police station would not prevent

review of the evidence regarding whether Mr. Stultz was driving.

       {¶34} Within his third assignment of error, Mr. Stultz appears to assert that the conviction

was based upon insufficient evidence and was against the weight of the evidence. When reviewing

the sufficiency of the evidence, this Court must review the evidence in a light most favorable to

the prosecution to determine whether the evidence before the trier of fact was sufficient to sustain

a conviction. State v. Jenks,

61 Ohio St.3d 259

, 279 (1991). Whereas,

       [i]n determining whether a criminal conviction is against the manifest weight of the
       evidence, an appellate court must review the entire record, weigh the evidence and
       all reasonable inferences, consider the credibility of witnesses and determine
       whether, in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the trier of fact clearly lost its way
       and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must
       be reversed and a new trial ordered.

State v. Otten,

33 Ohio App.3d 339

, 340 (9th Dist.1986).

       {¶35} I would address both arguments. Officers testified that they found Mr. Stultz in his

driveway in the driver’s seat of his running car. This, coupled with the testimony of the 911 caller

regarding the erratic driving, is sufficient evidence, if believed, whereby a trier of fact

could conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that Mr. Stultz was driving the vehicle. Further, based

on his argument, Mr. Stultz has not demonstrated that his conviction was against the weight of the

evidence.


APPEARANCES:

JASON S. HARLESS, Attorney at law, for Appellant.

JOHN L. REULBACH, JR., Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.

[Cite as State v. Stultz,