[Cite as State v. Wright,
2021-Ohio-2692.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
SCIOTO COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO, :
: Case No. 20CA3922
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
:
v. : DECISION AND JUDGMENT
: ENTRY
JACK WRIGHT, :
: RELEASED: 08/02/2021
Defendant-Appellant. :
_____________________________________________________________
APPEARANCES:
Richard W. Campbell, Portsmouth, Ohio, for Appellant.
Shane A. Tieman, Scioto County Prosecuting Attorney, and Jay S. Willis,
Assistant Scioto County Prosecutor, Portsmouth, Ohio, for Appellee.
_____________________________________________________________
Wilkin, J.
{¶1} Appellant, Jack Wright, was initially charged with theft from a person
in a protected class, a third-degree felony, but reached an agreement with the
state and pleaded guilty to the misdemeanor offense of criminal trespass in the
Scioto County Court of Common Pleas. The trial court imposed a one-year
community-control sanction and ordered Wright to pay the victim, Henry
Oberling, $5,000 in restitution. Wright now appeals and in his sole assignment of
error challenges the trial court’s restitution order.
{¶2} We sustain Wright’s assignment of error, reverse the trial court’s
restitution order and remand the case for the court to determine the appropriate
amount. The trial court’s restitution sanction was based on the service fee
Wright and his crew were paid for the unauthorized removal of trees from
Scioto App. No. 20CA3922 2
Oberling’s property. The order was not predicated as required on the economic
loss suffered by Oberling.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
{¶3} In October 2017, Wright was contracted by the Crèmeans, the
adjacent property owners to Oberling, to cut down trees. Wright, however,
without Oberling’s consent removed trees from his property. Wright was indicted
in December 2017, of committing the offense of theft from a person in a
protected class, a third-degree felony. In the indictment and bill of particulars,
the state outlined Wright’s conduct of unlawfully cutting down trees, totaling
$16,000, from Oberling’s property. A year later, Wright and the state reached an
agreement and informed the trial court of Wright’s intent to plead guilty to the
amended charge of criminal trespass, a fourth-degree misdemeanor.
{¶4} On October 24, 2018, the plea hearing was held and prior to
accepting Wright’s guilty plea, the trial court advised both parties that it will
“schedule this for a restitution hearing, not too far out and if restitution is paid
early then I will consider terminating his probation early.” Wright pleaded guilty to
criminal trespass and the trial court accepted his plea. The trial court then
scheduled a combined restitution and sentencing hearing for November 21,
2018.
{¶5} Prior to the hearing, however, the state filed a motion for mediation.
In the motion, the state indicated that Wright was in agreement to refer the
restitution issue to mediation. The trial court granted the state’s request and the
Scioto App. No. 20CA3922 3
“issue of restitution shall be referred to mediation upon the agreement of the
parties.”
{¶6} On June 16, 2020, a combined restitution and sentencing hearing
was held. At the beginning of the hearing, the state informed the trial court that
the parties attempted mediation but it was unsuccessful because Oberling failed
to appear. The state declared that the issue of restitution is back with the court.
Mr. Campbell, Wright’s counsel, then informed the trial court that he discussed
the issue with Wright and:
his understanding was the total sum got for the timber was
$10,000.00 which half of that went to the Crèmeans and (inaudible)
tempting [sic] to cut timber for and the other half was divided
between him and other people working on the job and he certainly
didn’t get the full $5,000.00 or anything. But that is pretty much the
extent of it.
{¶7} Mr. Campbell reiterated that: “$5,000 to the Crèmeans and $5,000 to
Mr. Wright and the people he was working with.” He then stipulated that Wright
“and his crew got $5,000.00.” The trial court clarified the stipulation: “So, I
understand that the stipulation is that the defendant Mr. Wright and his crew
received $5,000.00 in compensation for the work that was performed in cutting
the timber?” Mr. Campbell responded yes. Prior to the trial court’s sentencing
order, Mr. Campbell requested that the court take into consideration that Wright
pleaded guilty to criminal trespass, a fourth-degree misdemeanor, and that
restitution should be reasonably related to the offense. The state did not present
any evidence related to restitution or argue for any specific amount.
{¶8} The trial court then imposed restitution in the amount of $5,000
payable to Oberling:
Scioto App. No. 20CA3922 4
Still the fact remains that he apparently was the supervisor of this
crew because the stipulation refers to it as his crew and he
received $5,000.00. Because of the ambiguity involved and we
don’t have anybody else testifying to supplement this stipulation. I
also find that Mr. Campbell you are right this is a 4th degree
misdemeanor; it is no longer a felony. But it is not a 1st degree
misdemeanor theft where a certain amount is served as a sealing
[sic]. This is a criminal trespass and there is really no reference to
an amount and he pled guilty to criminal trespass and the
stipulation connects the $5,000.00 to that trespass. So, I am going
to find that restitution is to be awarded to be paid by the defendant
to the victim in this case[.]
{¶9} The trial court sentenced Wright to a one-year community-control
sanction leaving the frequency of reporting to the Scioto County Department of
Probation. Both the restitution order and the community-control sentence were
incorporated in the trial court’s judgment entry.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ORDERING THE DEFENDANT-APPELLANT’ TO PAY RESTITUTION FOLLOWING HIS PLEA
AND CONVICTION TO A CHARGE OF CRIMINAL
TRESPASSING, A MISDEMEANOR OF THE FOURTH DEGREE
IN VIOLATION OF OHIO REVISED CODE 2922.21(a)(1).
{¶10} Wright claims that the offense for which he was convicted did not
result in any economic loss to Oberling because he did not appear at the
restitution hearing and no testimony was presented demonstrating his economic
damages. The state maintains that Wright’s negotiated plea included a jointly
recommended sentence and is not reviewable on appeal. According to the state,
“the amount of restitution was part of the agreement between the prosecution
and the defense[.]” The state further asserts the amount of restitution was
connected to the offense of criminal trespass and there was a stipulation at the
Scioto App. No. 20CA3922 5
sentencing hearing of Wright receiving $5,000 for cutting down timber on
Oberling’s property.
Law and Analysis
{¶11} We first begin by clarifying the negotiated plea agreement between
Wright and the state. Recently, the Supreme Court of Ohio emphasized the
“necessity of placing” the underlying agreement on the record. See State v.
Azeen, Ohio St.3d , 2021-Ohio-1735, N.E.3d , ¶ 36, citing Crim.R. 11(F).
The record here does not support the state’s claim of a negotiated sentence.
Wright’s signed plea agreement did not contain any promises as to sentence. It
simply stated that Wright was waiving his rights and pleading guilty to the
amended misdemeanor charge of criminal trespass. At the plea hearing, the trial
court set forth on the record its understanding of the plea agreement with an
affirmation of that understanding from Wright, his counsel and the state:
It is my understanding today that Mr. Wright is going to enter
a plea to the amended charge of trespass[.]
…
It’s my understanding the parties have discussed this as well
as the Court and I informed the parties pursuant to the agree[ment]
that I will sentence Mr. Wright to 30 days in the county jail, I will
suspend 16 of those days, give him credit for 14 days that he has
previously served and place him on probation for two years. I will
schedule this for a restitution hearing, not too far out and if
restitution is paid early then I will consider terminating his probation
early.
{¶12} As the written plea document and the discussion at the plea hearing
demonstrate, there was no agreement for the award of a specific restitution
amount to Oberling. There was an understanding, however, that restitution
would be part of Wright’s sentence. After Wright pleaded guilty, the state
Scioto App. No. 20CA3922 6
requested, with Wright’s approval, that the issue of restitution be resolved
through mediation. But mediation was unsuccessful. The restitution order by the
trial court was ultimately issued at the sentencing hearing almost 20 months after
Wright pleaded guilty. Undoubtedly, the amount of restitution was not a
negotiated term within Wright’s plea agreement.
{¶13} Therefore, we disagree with the state’s claim that the provision in
R.C. 2953.08(D)(1) prohibiting review of a sentence “recommended jointly by the
defendant and the prosecution” applies as to the restitution amount ordered by
the trial court. We will thus proceed with addressing the court’s $5,000 restitution
order.
{¶14} “Generally, a decision to award restitution lies in a trial court’s sound
discretion and its decision will not be reversed on appeal absent an abuse of
discretion.” State v. Kiser, 4th Dist. Pickaway No. 15CA25, 2016-Ohio-5307, ¶
35, citing State v. Shifflet,
2015-Ohio-4250,
44 N.E.3d 966, ¶ 49 (4th Dist.). An
abuse of discretion “is more than a mere error of law or judgment; it implies that a
trial court’s decision was unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable.” State v.
Martin,
151 Ohio St.3d 470,
2017-Ohio-7556,
90 N.E.3d 857, ¶ 27, citing
Blakemore v. Blakemore,
5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219,
450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983).
{¶15} “A trial court abuses its discretion when it orders restitution in an
amount that has not been determined to bear a reasonable relationship to the
actual loss suffered as a result of the defendant’s offense.” State v. Cambron,
2020-Ohio-819,
152 N.E.3d 824, ¶ 20 (4th Dist.), citing State v. Johnson, 4th
Dist. Washington No. 03CA11,
2004-Ohio-2236, ¶ 11. In addition, the amount of
Scioto App. No. 20CA3922 7
restitution must be supported by “competent, credible evidence in the record from
which the court can discern the amount of the restitution to a reasonable degree
of certainty.” Johnson at ¶ 10, citing State v. Sommer, 154 App.3d 421, 2003-
Ohio-5022,
797 N.E.2d 559, ¶ 12 (5th Dist.).
{¶16} Wright pleaded guilty to criminal trespass, a fourth-degree
misdemeanor in violation of R.C. 2911.21(A)(1). There is a relationship between
Wright’s conduct and the loss suffered by Oberling. Wright, without privilege to
do so, entered and remained on Oberling’s property and cut down trees that
belonged to Oberling. Pursuant to R.C. 2929.28(A)(1), the trial court had the
discretion to include restitution payable to Oberling as part of Wright’s sentence,
and the trial court is correct in that R.C. 2911.21(A)(1) does not reference an
amount. The restitution amount, however, must be “based on the victim’s
economic loss.” See R.C. 2929.28(A)(1). Economic loss means
any economic detriment suffered by a victim as a direct and
proximate result of the commission of an offense and includes any
loss of income due to lost time at work because of any injury
caused to the victim, any property loss, medical cost, or funeral
expense incurred as a result of the commission of the offense, and
the cost of any accounting or auditing done to determine the extent
of loss if the cost is incurred and payable by the victim. “Economic
loss” does not include non-economic loss or any punitive or
exemplary damages.
R.C. 2929.01(L).
{¶17} That loss can be ascertained from
an amount recommended by the victim, the offender, a
presentence investigation report, estimates or receipts indicating
the cost of repairing or replacing property, and other information,
provided that the amount the court orders as restitution shall not
exceed the amount of the economic loss suffered by the victim as a
direct and proximate result of the commission of the offense.
Scioto App. No. 20CA3922 8
R.C. 2929.28(A)(1).
{¶18} A review of the record in the matter at hand reveals that the trial
court’s restitution order of $5,000 was not based on Oberling’s economic loss.
Oberling did not appear at the combined restitution and sentencing hearing, and
there was no evidence presented of the value of the trees that Wright unlawfully
cut down on Oberling’s property. The only stipulation was that the Crèmeans
received $5,000 and Wright and his crew were paid $5,000 for their services.
The trial court was correct in its finding that Wright’s stipulation connects his
conduct to the trees that were cut on Oberling’s property. But the trial court’s
order of $5,000 was the amount of money Wright and his crew received, not the
value of the trees removed demonstrating Oberling’s economic loss.
{¶19} Therefore, we vacate the portion of Wright’s sentence that ordered
him to pay $5,000 in restitution and remand the case to the trial court to
determine the proper amount of restitution.
CONCLUSION
{¶20} Having sustained Wright’s assignment of error, we reverse the trial
court’s restitution order and remand the matter for further proceedings consistent
with this opinion.
JUDGMENT REVERSED AND REMANDED.
Scioto App. No. 20CA3922 9
JUDGMENT ENTRY
It is ordered that the JUDGMENT IS REVERSED and that the CAUSE IS
REMANDED. Appellee shall pay the costs.
The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing the
Scioto County Court of Common Pleas to carry this judgment into execution.
IF A STAY OF EXECUTION OF SENTENCE AND RELEASE UPON BAIL
HAS BEEN PREVIOUSLY GRANTED BY THE TRIAL COURT OR THIS
COURT, it is temporarily continued for a period not to exceed 60 days upon the
bail previously posted. The purpose of a continued stay is to allow Appellant to
file with the Supreme Court of Ohio an application for a stay during the pendency
of proceedings in that court. If a stay is continued by this entry, it will terminate at
the earlier of the expiration of the 60-day period, or the failure of the Appellant to
file a notice of appeal with the Supreme Court of Ohio in the 45-day appeal
period pursuant to Rule II, Sec. 2 of the Rules of Practice of the Supreme Court
of Ohio. Additionally, if the Supreme Court of Ohio dismisses the appeal prior to
expiration of 60 days, the stay will terminate as of the date of such dismissal.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule
27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
Smith, P.J. and Abele, J.: Concur in Judgment and Opinion.
For the Court,
BY: ____________________________
Kristy S. Wilkin, Judge
NOTICE TO COUNSEL
Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final
judgment entry and the time period for further appeal commences from the
date of filing with the clerk.
