[Cite as State v. Barnes,
2021-Ohio-3469.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
STATE OF OHIO, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
Nos. 109609 and 109610
v. :
DEANTAIE BARNES, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: REVERSED AND REMANDED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: September 30, 2021
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case Nos. CR-19-640407-A and CR-19-642922-A
Appearances:
Michael C. O’Malley, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting
Attorney, and Eben O. McNair, Assistant Prosecuting
Attorney, for appellee.
Stephen L. Miles, for appellant.
ANITA LASTER MAYS, P.J.:
Defendant-appellant Deantaie Barnes appeals his jury trial
convictions and sentences on multiple charges. We reverse the trial court’s
judgment and remand.
I. Procedural History
The first set of charges arose from an incident that occurred on or
about May 19, 2019. In State v. Barnes, Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-19-640407-A,
Barnes was indicted for felonious assault of Cleveland Police Officer Jeffrey M.
Kozma (“Officer Kozma”), R.C. 2903.11(A)(1), a first-degree felony; assault of Officer
Kozma, R.C. 2903.13(A), a first-degree felony; assault of Officer Kozma,
R.C. 2903.13(A), a fourth-degree felony; resisting arrest, R.C. 2921.33(B), a first-
degree misdemeanor; and obstructing official business, R.C. 2921.31(A), a fifth-
degree felony.
The second set of charges arose from an incident that occurred on or
about August 9, 2019. In State v. Barnes, Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-19-642922-A,
Barnes was indicted for felonious assault of Cleveland Police Officer Neil Pesta
(“Officer Pesta”), R.C. 2903.13(A), a fourth-degree felony, and resisting arrest,
R.C. 2921.33(A), a second-degree misdemeanor.
On August 28, 2019, at Barnes’s request, Barnes was referred to the
court psychiatric clinic for each case:
In accordance with provisions of the Ohio Revised Code 2945.371
competence to stand trial; etc. 2945.371 sanity at the time of the act
2947.06(B), reports for the purpose of determining the disposition of a
case: eligibility for transfer to mental health court (defendant has a
psychotic disorder or intellectual function below I.Q. of 75). You are
directed to examine Deantaie Barnes, who is awaiting trial.
Journal entry Nos. 110165919 and 110166047 (Sept. 5, 2019).
Via judgment entries issued on September 5, 2019, at the trial court’s
request, previously scheduled pretrials of the cases were continued to October 15,
2019. “Reason for continuance: awaiting psychiatric report. The court psychiatric
department asked for additional time to complete the report.” Journal entry
Nos. 110221803 and 110221668 (Sept. 5, 2019). The record does not reflect that the
psychiatric reports were ever filed or further addressed.
The cases were consolidated for a jury trial that commenced on
January 8, 2020. Barnes did not testify, and the defense did not call witnesses.
On January 10, 2020, Barnes was found not guilty of felonious assault
of Officer Kozma and convicted of all remaining charges. Barnes was sentenced in
Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-19-640407-A to serve concurrently: 18 months for assault, 6
months for resisting arrest, and 12 months for obstructing official business. In
Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-19-642922, Barnes was sentenced to serve concurrently: 18
months for assault and 6 months for resisting arrest. The sentences in each case
were run consecutively for a total of 36 months.
Barnes appeals.
II. Assignments of Error
Barnes poses three assigned errors:
I. The trial court erred by not conducting a competency hearing
after the issue was raised prior to trial.
II. The evidence was insufficient to support the conviction for
assault regarding the May 19, 2019 incident.
III. The appellant’s convictions were against the manifest of the
weight of the evidence regarding the August 9, 2019 incident.
III. Discussion
A. Competency Hearing
“Fundamental principles of due process require that a criminal
defendant who is legally incompetent shall not be subjected to trial.” State v. Berry,
72 Ohio St. 3d 354,
650 N.E.2d 433 (1995). Barnes argues that the court violated
R.C. 2945.37(B) when it ordered an evaluation for competency but failed to hold a
hearing on the issue.
R.C. 2945.37(B) states,
[I]n a criminal action in a court of common pleas, a county court, or a
municipal court, the court, prosecutor, or defense may raise the issue
of the defendant’s competence to stand trial. If the issue is raised before
the trial has commenced, the court shall hold a hearing on the issue as
provided in this section. If the issue is raised after the trial has
commenced, the court shall hold a hearing on the issue only for good
cause shown or on the court’s own motion.
Id.
Under R.C. 2945.37(G), there is a presumption that a defendant is
competent to stand trial. This presumption remains valid unless it is proven by a
preponderance of the evidence that the defendant is unable to understand the
nature and objective of the proceedings against him or of assisting in his defense.
State v. Johnson, 112 Ohio St.3d 210,
2006-Ohio-6404,
858 N.E.2d 1144, ¶ 160. The
issue of a defendant’s competency to stand trial may be raised by the trial court,
prosecutor, or the defendant. R.C. 2945.37(B).
An evidentiary competency hearing is constitutionally required
where there exists “sufficient indicia of incompetency to call into doubt defendant’s
competency to stand trial.” State v. Were, 94 Ohio St.3d 173, 175,
761 N.E.2d 591
(2002). Where a request is made prior to trial, a competency hearing is mandatory:
[T]he court must hold such a hearing within 30 days after the issue is
raised, unless the defendant has been referred for evaluation, in which
case the court shall conduct the hearing within ten days after the filing
of the report of the evaluation. R.C. 2945.37(C).
State v. Minifee, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 108331, 2019-Ohio-4464, ¶ 10.
In contrast, “[t]he failure to hold a competency hearing is harmless
error where the defendant proceeds to participate in the trial, offers his own
testimony in defense and is subject to cross-examination, and the record fails to
reveal sufficient indicia of incompetency.” State v. Bock, 28 Ohio St.3d 108, 110,
502 N.E.2d 1016 (1986).
The state argues that because there is no evidence in the record
rebutting the presumption that Barnes was competent to stand trial, the court’s
failure to hold a competency hearing in this case was harmless. However, in Bock,
the court found the defendant competent based on his testimony at trial, including
cross-examination, and the record failed to reveal sufficient indicia of incompetency.
Id. at paragraph one of the syllabus. Unlike the defendant in Bock, Barnes did not
testify at trial and was not subject to cross-examination. In this case, there were no
indicia of Barnes’s competency on which the court could make an accurate
competency determination. The trial court never made any formal finding
regarding Barnes’s competency despite an order referring him to the court
psychiatric clinic for a competency evaluation.
This court has held that a trial court commits reversible error when it
fails to hold a competency hearing if the issue of competency is raised prior to trial,
the record is devoid of any formal finding of competency, and there are insufficient
indicia of competency. State v. Miller, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 104721, 2017-Ohio-
7091; State v. Flanagan, 2017-Ohio-955,
86 N.E.3d 681 (8th Dist.); State v. Dowdy,
8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 96642,
2012-Ohio-2382.
In Miller, we explained that even when a psychiatric report is
submitted suggesting that a defendant is competent to stand trial, the defendant is
not required to stipulate to the psychiatric report because he or she has the right to
challenge it during a competency hearing. Id. at ¶ 11.1 “The purpose of a competency
hearing is to give the defense an opportunity to test the validity of the findings in the
report and to make a record for appellate review.” Id. Indeed, an appellate court
may reverse a trial court’s finding of competency. Id., citing In re Williams, 116 Ohio
App.3d 237,
687 N.E.2d 507 (2d Dist.1997)(reversing court’s finding of competency
where the reports and testimony of expert witnesses “muddled” incorrect standards
of law and inappropriate judgment about moral responsibility).
As in Miller and Flanagan, the record in this case is devoid of any
reference to Barnes’s competency, except for two journal entries referring him to the
psychiatric clinic, once for a competency evaluation and once for a recommendation
concerning the disposition of the case. The fact that the court referred Barnes for a
1 An original psychiatric report is contained in the file but there is no indication
that it was ever submitted, reviewed, considered, or stipulated to.
psychiatric evaluation suggests there were some indicia of incompetence. Yet, the
court did not hold a hearing, Barnes did not stipulate to a finding of competency,
and the court never made a finding of competency on the record. And since Barnes
remained silent at trial, there is insufficient evidence on the record on which to
determine whether the failure to hold a competency hearing was harmless. “Basic
principles of due process mandate that someone who is incompetent not be put to
trial.” Flanagan at ¶ 17.
The statute is clear that the court “shall” hold a hearing when the
defendant’s competency to stand trial is raised before trial begins and there exists
“sufficient indicia” of incompetence. Were, 94 Ohio St.3d 173, 175,
761 N.E.2d 591;
R.C. 2945.37(B).
The convictions are reversed, and the cases are remanded to the trial
court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. We need not address
assignments of error two and three because assignment of error one is dispositive of
the case. App.R. 12.
IV. Conclusion
Judgment is reversed and remanded.
It is ordered that appellant recover from appellee costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the
common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
ANITA LASTER MAYS, PRESIDING JUDGE
MARY EILEEN KILBANE, J., and
EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, J., CONCUR
