[Cite as State v. Underdew,
2021-Ohio-3811.]
COURT OF APPEALS
MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO : JUDGES:
:
: Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, P.J.
Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. W. Scott Gwin, J.
: Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.
-vs- :
: Case No. CT2021-0006
:
WALTER UNDERDEW :
:
:
Defendant-Appellant : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Muskingum County
Court of Common Pleas, Case No.
CR2020-0507
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: October 26,2021
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee: For Defendant-Appellant:
RONALD L. WELCH TODD W. BARSTOW
MUSKINGUM CO. PROSECUTOR 261 West Johnstown Rd., Suite 204
TAYLOR P. BENNINGTON Columbus, OH 43230
27 North Fifth St., P.O. Box 189
Zanesville, OH 43702-0189
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2021-0006 2
Delaney, J.
{¶1} Appellant Walter Underdew appeals from the January 21, 2021 Entry of the
Muskingum County Court of Common Pleas. Appellee is the state of Ohio.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
{¶2} This case arose on September 22, 2020, when Adult Parole Authority
Officer Eric Gaumer contacted Deputy Logan Wisecarver of the Muskingum County
Sheriff’s Office. Gaumer needed Wisecarver’s assistance in searching for and arresting
appellant at an address in Muskingum County.
{¶3} Wisecarver and Gaumer drove to a residence on Lara Drive, knocked on
the door, and spoke with the owner of the residence, “an older male.” Wisecarver asked
if appellant was present; the owner said he wasn’t sure and gave the officers permission
to enter the residence to look for him.
{¶4} The officers entered and the owner pointed out appellant’s bedroom. The
door of the bedroom was cracked open; Wisecarver looked in and saw appellant laying
across the bed; his hands were not visible. Wisecarver announced himself and appellant
raised his head. Wisecarver told appellant to show his hands and he complied.
Wisecarver told appellant Gaumer needed to speak to him.
{¶5} Gaumer told appellant he was about to be arrested and appellant briefly
objected because he didn’t understand why he was about to be arrested. Appellant then
complied, got out of bed, and placed his hands behind his back. As Wisecarver cuffed
appellant, he asked if appellant had anything on him that could “stick, poke or otherwise
hurt” Wisecarver because he wasn’t wearing his duty gloves. Appellant did not respond
or answer the question.
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2021-0006 3
{¶6} Wisecarver testified that his standard procedure is to search everyone upon
arrest. He found a rolled-up lottery receipt in appellant’s front left pocket; inside the
receipt was a baggie containing what appeared to be narcotics. Photos of the lottery
receipt, baggie, and substances were introduced at trial as appellant’s Exhibits D-1, D-2
and D-3.
{¶7} Upon finding the narcotics, Wisecarver stopped the search of appellant for
officer safety; he didn’t want to come into contact with a substance such as fentanyl
without his gloves on. Wisecarver escorted appellant to his cruiser, obtained his duty
gloves, and searched the rest of appellant’s person.
{¶8} Wisecarver collected the evidence, secured it, and submitted it to the
Newark Crime Lab. The parties stipulated that an expert in forensic chemical analysis
examined appellee’s evidence and found Item One to consist of .583 grams of cocaine
and Item Two to consist of 3.924 grams of methamphetamine.
{¶9} Appellant was charged by indictment with one count of aggravated drug
possession (methamphetamine) pursuant to R.C. 2925.11(A), a felony of the third degree
[Count I] and one count of drug possession (cocaine) pursuant to R.C. 2925.11(A), a
felony of the fifth degree [Count II]. Appellant entered pleas of not guilty and the matter
proceeded to trial by jury. Appellant moved for a judgment of acquittal pursuant to Crim.R.
29(A) at the close of appellee’s evidence and at the close of all of the evidence; the
motions were overruled. Appellant was found guilty as charged.
{¶10} The trial court sentenced appellant to prison terms of 36 months upon Count
I and 12 months upon Count II, to be served consecutively, for a total aggregate prison
sentence of 48 months.
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2021-0006 4
{¶11} Appellant now appeals from the trial court’s Entry of convictions and
sentence dated January 21, 2021.
{¶12} Appellant raises one assignment of error:
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
{¶13} “THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND DEPRIVED APPELLANT OF DUE
PROCESS OF LAW AS GUARANTEED BY THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT TO THE
UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION AND ARTICLE ONE SECTION TEN OF THE OHIO
CONSTITUTION BY FINDING HIM GUILTY OF AGGRAVATED POSSESSION OF
DRUGS AND POSSESSION OF DRUGS AS THOSE VERDICTS WERE NOT
SUPPORTED BY SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE AND WERE ALSO AGAINST THE
MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.”
ANALYSIS
{¶14} In his sole assignment of error, appellant argues his convictions are against
the manifest weight and sufficiency of the evidence because appellee did not prove he
knowingly possessed the controlled substances. We disagree.
{¶15} The legal concepts of sufficiency of the evidence and weight of the evidence
are both quantitatively and qualitatively different. State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380,
1997-Ohio-52,
678 N.E.2d 541, paragraph two of the syllabus. The standard of review
for a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence is set forth in State v. Jenks,
61 Ohio
St.3d 259,
574 N.E.2d 492 (1991) at paragraph two of the syllabus, in which the Ohio
Supreme Court held, “An appellate court’s function when reviewing the sufficiency of the
evidence to support a criminal conviction is to examine the evidence admitted at trial to
determine whether such evidence, if believed, would convince the average mind of the
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2021-0006 5
defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The relevant inquiry is whether, after
viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact
could have found the essential elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt.”
{¶16} In determining whether a conviction is against the manifest weight of the
evidence, the court of appeals functions as the “thirteenth juror,” and after “reviewing the
entire record, weighs the evidence and all reasonable inferences, considers the credibility
of witnesses and determines whether in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the jury clearly
lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must
be overturned and a new trial ordered.” State v. Thompkins, supra, 78 Ohio St.3d at 387.
Reversing a conviction as being against the manifest weight of the evidence and ordering
a new trial should be reserved for only the “exceptional case in which the evidence weighs
heavily against the conviction.” Id.
{¶17} Appellee was required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant
knowingly obtained, possessed, or used a controlled substance or a controlled substance
analog pursuant to R.C. 2925.11(A), in this case, methamphetamine and cocaine.
Appellant asserts appellee failed to produce sufficient evidence that he knowingly
possessed the substances because he was asleep when Wisecarver entered the room;
appellant offered no response when Wisecarver asked if he had anything dangerous on
his person; and appellee “offered no explanation as to how the narcotics came to be in
appellant’s shirt pocket.” Brief, 2.
{¶18} The uncontroverted testimony of Deputy Wisecarver established that the
narcotics were found in appellant’s pocket. Appellant implies that this evidence falls short
of proving that he “possessed” the narcotics. R.C. 2925.01(K) defines “possession” as
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2021-0006 6
“having control over a thing or substance, but may not be inferred solely from mere access
to the thing or substance through ownership or occupation of the premises upon which
the thing or substance is found.” R.C. 2901.21 provides the requirements for criminal
liability and provides that possession is a “voluntary act if the possessor knowingly
procured or received the thing possessed, or was aware of the possessor's control of the
thing possessed for sufficient time to have ended possession.” R.C. 2901.21(D)(1).
{¶19} Possession may be actual or constructive. State v. Granados, 5th Dist.
Fairfield No. 13-CA-50, 2014-Ohio-1758, ¶ 25, citing State v. Butler,
42 Ohio St.3d 174,
176,
538 N.E.2d 98(1989). To establish constructive possession, the evidence must
prove that the defendant was able to exercise dominion and control over the contraband.
State v. Wolery,
46 Ohio St.2d 316, 332,
348 N.E.2d 351(1976). Dominion and control
may be proven by circumstantial evidence alone. State v. Trembly,
137 Ohio App.3d 134,
738 N.E.2d 93 (8th Dist.2000). Circumstantial evidence that the defendant was located in
very close proximity to the contraband may show constructive possession.
Granados,
supra, citing State v. Barr,
86 Ohio App.3d 227, 235,
620 N.E.2d 242 (8th Dist.1993);
State v. Morales, 5th Dist. Licking No.2004 CA 68, 2005–Ohio–4714, ¶ 50.
{¶20} In the instant case, appellee’s uncontroverted evidence established
appellant was able to exercise dominion and control over the narcotics in his front pocket,
and therefore had constructive possession of the narcotics.
{¶21} The jury could reasonable infer that appellant “possessed” the narcotics
which were found in his pocket. “Control,” as used in the definition of “possession,” supra,
is given its ordinary meaning, namely “to exercise restraining or directing influence over.”
State v. Copeland, 2nd Dist. Montgomery No. 23718, 2010-Ohio-4916, ¶ 21, citing Black's
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2021-0006 7
Law Dictionary, Fifth Ed., 1979. The presence of the contraband in a defendant’s pocket
“clearly established that he ‘exercise[d] restraining or directing influence” over the
contraband, and “[t]o find otherwise would be to set aside common sense as it relates to
the plain meaning of the concepts of ‘possession’ and ‘control.’”
Id.
{¶22} Viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, we
conclude that a reasonable person could have found beyond a reasonable doubt that
appellant possessed methamphetamine and cocaine. The weight to be given to the
evidence and the credibility of the witnesses are issues for the trier of fact. State v.
DeHass, 10 Ohio St.2d 230,
227 N.E.2d 212 (1967), paragraph one of the syllabus.
Although the evidence may have been circumstantial, we note that circumstantial
evidence has the same probative value as direct evidence. State v.
Jenks, supra.
{¶23} We find that this is not an “‘exceptional case in which the evidence weighs
heavily against the conviction.’” Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d at 387. Upon our review of the
entire record in this matter, appellant’s convictions are not against the sufficiency or the
manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶24} Appellant’s sole assignment of error is overruled.
Muskingum County, Case No. CT2021-0006 8
CONCLUSION
{¶25} Appellant’s sole assignment of error is overruled and the judgment of the
Muskingum County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
By: Delaney, J.,
Baldwin, P.J. and
Gwin, J., concur.
