[Cite as State v. Bowen,
2021-Ohio-3969.]
COURT OF APPEALS
HOLMES COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO, : JUDGES:
: Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, P.J.
Plaintiff - Appellee : Hon. William B. Hoffman, J.
: Hon. Earle E. Wise, J.
-vs- :
:
ROBERT C. BOWEN : Case No. 21CA001
:
Defendant - Appellant : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Holmes County
Court of Common Pleas, Case No.
18 CR 0058
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT: November 4, 2021
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
ROBERT K. HENDRIX ERIC J. ALLEN
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney The Law Office of Eric J. Allen, Ltd.
Holmes County, Ohio 4200 Regent, Suite 200
164 E. Jackson Street Columbus, Ohio 43219
Millersburg, Ohio 44654
Holmes County, Case No. 21CA001 2
Baldwin, P.J.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Robert C. Bowen appeals from the February 24, 2021
Judgment Entry of the Holmes County Court of Common Pleas. Plaintiff-appellee is the
State of Ohio.
STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE
{¶2} On June 4, 2018, the Holmes County Grand Jury indicted appellant on one
count of rape, in violation of R.C. 2907.02(A)(2) and (B), a felony of the first degree; and
four counts of sexual battery, in violation of R.C. 2907.03(A)(5) and (B), felonies of the
third degree. The charges arose from incidents involving Appellant's adopted daughter
(“the Child”). Appellant appeared before the trial court for arraignment on June 12, 2018,
and entered pleas of not guilty to all of the charges.
{¶3} The matter proceeded to jury trial on January 28, 2019. The following
evidence was adduced at trial.1
{¶4} Mary Bowen testified she and appellant were married on July 4, 2011.
Although they were still legally married at the time of the trial, Bowen indicated they had
been separated for over a year. Bowen and appellant became foster parents to the Child
in September, 2012, and the child's sister in November, 2012. Bowen and appellant
adopted both children on March 24, 2014. Bowen conceded the Child and her sister had
behavioral problems.
{¶5} Bowen explained the Child and her sister were homeschooled after the
Child's sister called in a bomb threat to her elementary school. Bowen worked six days a
1The facts are taken from this Court’s Opinion in State v. Bowen, 5th Dist. Holmes No.
19CA0007, 2020-Ohio-24, appeal not allowed,
2020-Ohio-2819,
158 Ohio St. 3d 1505,
144 N.E.3d 451,
Holmes County, Case No. 21CA001 3
week, usually from 7:30 a.m. to 5:30 or 6:00 p.m., but worked close enough to their home
to check on the children during her lunch hour.
{¶6} In June, 2016, when the Child was 15 years old, she disclosed to Bowen
that appellant had touched her inappropriately. Bowen explained the Child had snuck out
of the house around midnight one evening to meet a 19 or 20 year old young man, and
did not return until 3:30 a.m. Bowen confronted the Child, telling her the young man would
get in trouble if she (Bowen) called the police. The Child responded that Bowen should
call the police about appellant as he had touched her. Bowen questioned appellant, who
denied any wrongdoing. The Child later told Bowen she was lying. The Child returned to
public school in September, 2017.
{¶7} In January, 2018, after the Child's sister set a number of fires, Children's
Services became involved with the family. The Child's sister told Children's Services
Appellant had been abusing her and the Child. When Children's Services questioned the
Child regarding her sister's disclosure, the Child denied any abuse by appellant.
{¶8} Bowen recalled the Child attended her prom the weekend of April 21, 2018.
When the Child was at school the following Monday, the Child disclosed that appellant
had been abusing her. Bowen was instructed to bring the Child to Children's Services and
thereafter learned about the Child's disclosure. Bowen was contacted by Victim's
Assistance and was informed that appellant had confessed.
{¶9} The Child testified that, when she was 15 years old, appellant had entered
her bedroom and touched her breasts over her clothing. Appellant instructed her not to
tell her mother. The Child recalled it was the summer and she was sick. The Child detailed
another incident which occurred when she was still 15. She noted she was being
Holmes County, Case No. 21CA001 4
homeschooled at the time and needed help with algebra. The Child proceeded to
appellant's bedroom which was located in the basement of the home. Appellant began to
help her with her math, but then pushed her onto his bed and removed her clothes.
Appellant vaginally penetrated her. Appellant told the Child not to tell anyone or he would
not be her father anymore. Appellant also threatened to do the same to the Child's sister
if the Child told anyone. After the incident, the Child hurriedly put on her clothes and
returned upstairs to finish her schoolwork. The Child testified that appellant had sexual
intercourse with her at least five times. Shortly before the Child turned 16, she disclosed
the abuse to Bowen. The Child admitted she later told Bowen she had made “the whole
thing up”. Tr. at 128.
{¶10} The Child testified that, in January, 2018, she spoke with a detective and a
social worker after the Child's sister had set a few fires in their home. The detective and
the social worker questioned the Child about appellant, but she did not disclose the abuse
at that time. The Child disclosed the abuse to her boyfriend and a friend the night of her
prom, April 21, 2018. The following Monday, the Child met with Ms. Gilson, the school
liaison, and told the woman what appellant had done to her. Ms. Gilson informed the Child
she was required to contact the authorities. When the Child returned home from school,
Bowen met her at the bus and told her Children's Services needed to speak with her. The
Child met with Jacqueline Shaw and disclosed the abuse.
{¶11} Sergeant James Henry, a detective with the Holmes County Sheriff's Office,
testified that he interviewed appellant on May 10, 2018. The interview was recorded and
the recording was played for the jury. During the interview, appellant confessed to having
a sexual relationship with the Child. Det. Henry acknowledged the Child, during an
Holmes County, Case No. 21CA001 5
interview on January 9, 2018, initially denied any sexual contact with appellant. The
detective explained it is not unusual for the victim of sexual abuse to initially not disclose
the abuse occurred, but subsequently, after counseling, is able to do so.
{¶12} Appellant testified on his own behalf. He explained that he was contacted
by Det. Lay of the Millersburg Police Department, who requested appellant come to the
station to speak with him. Appellant phoned Det. Lay and the two spoke on the telephone
for an hour. During the conversation, the detective set up a computerized voice stress
analyzer (“CVSA”). Several weeks later, in February, 2018, appellant was interviewed by
Det. Lay. Appellant and the detective spoke for two hours, including the time conducting
the CVSA. Appellant did not hear from the detective again.
{¶13} On April 24, 2018, the Tuesday following the Child's prom, appellant
received a message he needed to call Job and Family Services. He was instructed to
contact Det. Henry. When appellant initially sat down with Det. Henry, he assumed he
was being questioned about the situation with the Child's sister. Appellant was shocked
by the allegations. Appellant denied confessing to Det. Henry and denied abusing the
Child.
{¶14} After hearing all the evidence and deliberating, the jury found appellant
guilty of all five counts contained in the Indictment. The trial court sentenced appellant to
an aggregated term of incarceration of ten years.
{¶15} Appellant then appealed, raising the following assignments of error:
{¶16} “I. THE STATE OF OHIO FAILED TO PRODUCE SUFFICIENT [SIC]
EVIDENCE TO CONVICT THE APPELLANT OF THE COUNTS IN THE INDICTMENT
IN VIOLATION OF HIS RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS UNDER THE FIFTH AMENDMENT
Holmes County, Case No. 21CA001 6
MADE APPLICABLE TO ALL STATE CRIMINAL PROSECUTIONS BY THE
FOURTHEENTH [SIC] AMENDMENT TO THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION.”
{¶17} “II. THE CONVICTIONS IN THIS MATTER ARE NOT SUPPORTED BY
THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE VIOLATIVE OF THE APPELLANT'S
RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS GUARANTEED BY THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT TO
THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION.”
{¶18} “III. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN IMPOSING A
PUNITIVE DISCOVER SANCTION THAT WAS NOT THE LEAST RESTRICTIVE AND
WAS VIOLATIVE OF HIS DUE PROCESS RIGHTS UNDER THE FIFTH AMENDMENT
MADE APPLICABLE TO ALL STATE CRIMINAL PROSECUTIONS BY THE
FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT TO THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION.”
{¶19} “IV. THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED ERROR BY ALLOWING
DISCUSSION OF A CVSA TEST AND VIOLATED APPELLANT'S RIGHT TO DUE
PROCESS GUARANTEED TO HIM UNDER THE FIFTH AMENDMENT TO THE
FEDERAL CONSTITUTION MADE APPLICABLE TO STATE CRIMINAL
PROSECUTIONS BY THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT.”
{¶20} Pursuant to an Opinion filed on January 6, 2020 in State v. Bowen, 5th Dist.
Holmes No. 19CA0007, 2020-Ohio-24, appeal not allowed,
2020-Ohio-2819,
158 Ohio
St. 3d 1505,
144 N.E.3d 451, this Court affirmed the judgment of the trial court.
{¶21} Thereafter, on July 29, 2020, appellant filed a Petition to Set Aside or
Vacate Petition pursuant to R.C. 2953.21, arguing the he was denied his right to a fair
trial when the trial court introduced an involuntary confession taken by police in violation
of the Fifth and Sixth Amendments and that the trial court was biased against him.
Holmes County, Case No. 21CA001 7
Appellant argued that his confession was involuntary. Appellant filed a supplement to his
Petition on August 24, 2020. Appellee filed a memorandum in opposition to the Petition
on October 21, 2020.
{¶22} As memorialized in a Judgment Entry filed on February 24, 2021, the trial
court denied appellant’s Petition.
{¶23} Appellant then appealed, raising the following assignments of error on
appeal:
{¶24} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT OVERRULED APPELLANT’S
PETITION FOR POST CONVICTION RELIEF PURSUANT TO R.C. 2953.21.”
{¶25} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN NOT HOLDING AN
EVIDENTIARY HEARING.”
I, II
{¶26} Appellant, in his first assignment of error, argues that the trial court erred in
overruling with Petition for Post-Conviction Relief. In his second assignment of error, he
contends that the trial court abused its discretion in overruling the same without a hearing.
We disagree.
{¶27} R.C. 2953.21(A) stated in part:
(A)(1)(a) Any person who has been convicted of a criminal offense
or adjudicated a delinquent child and who claims that there was such a
denial or infringement of the person's rights as to render the judgment void
or voidable under the Ohio Constitution or the Constitution of the United
States... may file a petition in the court that imposed sentence, stating the
Holmes County, Case No. 21CA001 8
grounds for relief relied upon, and asking the court to vacate or set aside
the judgment or sentence or to grant other appropriate relief. The petitioner
may file a supporting affidavit and other documentary evidence in support
of the claim for relief.
{¶28} Although designed to address claimed constitutional violations, the post-
conviction relief process is a civil collateral attack on a criminal judgment, not an appeal
of that judgment. State v. Calhoun, 86 Ohio St.3d 279, 281,
1999-Ohio-102,
714 N.E.2d
905. A petition for post-conviction relief, thus, does not provide a petitioner a second
opportunity to litigate his or her conviction, nor is the petitioner automatically entitled to
an evidentiary hearing on the petition. State v. Jackson,
64 Ohio St.2d 107, 110,
413
N.E.2d 819 (1980). State v. Lewis, 5th Dist. Stark No. 2007CA00358,
2008-Ohio-3113 at
¶ 8.
{¶29} The appropriate standard for reviewing a trial court's decision to dismiss a
petition for post-conviction relief, without an evidentiary hearing, involves a mixed
question of law and fact. In re B.C.S., 4th Dist. Washington No. 07CA60, 2008-Ohio-5771,
¶ 9. Accord, State v. Graggs, 10th Dist. No. 18AP-491,
2019-Ohio-361, ¶ 15. This Court
must apply a manifest weight standard in reviewing a trial court's findings on factual
issues underlying the substantive grounds for relief, but we must review the trial court's
legal conclusions de novo. In re B.C.S, ¶ 9; Graggs, ¶ 15. For example, the question
Holmes County, Case No. 21CA001 9
whether a court of common pleas possesses subject-matter jurisdiction to entertain an
untimely or successive petition for post-conviction relief, or procedural defects in a petition
for post-conviction relief, such as one that is barred by res judicata, are reviewed on
appeal de novo. State v. Apanovitch,
155 Ohio St.3d 358,
121 N.E.3d 351, 2018-Ohio-
4744, ¶ 24 , quoting State v. Kane, 10th Dist. No. 16AP-781,
2017-Ohio-7838.
{¶30} In post-conviction cases, a trial court has a gatekeeping role as to whether
a defendant will receive a hearing. In State v. Calhoun, the Ohio Supreme Court held that
a trial court could dismiss a petition for post-conviction relief without a hearing “where the
petition, the supporting affidavits, the documentary evidence, the files, and the records
do not demonstrate that petitioner set forth sufficient operative facts to establish
substantive grounds for relief.” 86 Ohio St.3d 279,
1999-Ohio-102,
714 N.E.2d 905,
paragraph two of the syllabus.
{¶31} In State v. Phillips, 9th Dist. Summit No. 20292, 2002-Ohio-823, the court
noted:
Significantly, evidence outside the record alone will not guarantee
the right to an evidentiary hearing. State v. Combs, 100 Ohio App.3d 90,
97,
652 N.E.2d 205(1994). Such evidence “ ‘must meet some threshold
standard of cogency; otherwise it would be too easy to defeat the holding
of [State v. Perry, 10 Ohio St.2d 175,
226 N.E.2d 104 (1967)] by simply
Holmes County, Case No. 21CA001 10
attaching as exhibits evidence which is only marginally significant and does
not advance the petitioner's claim beyond mere hypothesis and a desire for
further discovery.’ ” (Citation omitted.) State v. Lawson, 103 Ohio App.3d
307, 315,
659 N.E.2d 362 (1995). Thus, the evidence must not be merely
cumulative of or alternative to evidence presented at trial. Combs, 100 Ohio
App.3d at 98,
652 N.E.2d 205.
{¶32} In the case sub judice, appellant initially argues that his confession was
involuntary. Appellant filed a Motion to Suppress on August 20, 2018, arguing, in part,
that his statement to police was not voluntary. Appellee, on August 23, 2018, filed a
memorandum in opposition to the Motion to Suppress. Appellant, after being made a plea
offer by appellee, agreed to withdraw his Motion to Suppress. Appellant, however, did
not accept the plea deal and did not take any action to suppress his statement. The
statements that appellant originally sought to suppress were, therefore, introduced at
trial. We find that the issue of the voluntariness of appellant’s confession could have been
raised on direct appeal and was not. As noted by the trial court in its February 24, 2021
Judgment Entry, appellant “was able to argue to the jury his circumstances of his
statement, he withdrew his Motion to Suppress and he could have raised the issue on
direct appeal.”
Holmes County, Case No. 21CA001 11
{¶33} Appellant also argued that the trial court was biased against him and had
indicated that it would deny the Motion to Suppress before the scheduled hearing on the
same. Appellant, however, did not file an affidavit of disqualification against the trial court
judge until July 29, 2020, which is after his appeal was denied.
{¶34} An appellate court is without authority to pass upon issues of disqualification
or to void a judgment on the basis that a judge should be disqualified for bias or prejudice.
See, e.g., Beer v. Griffith, 54 Ohio St.2d 440, 441-442,
377 N.E.2d 775, (1978). To
effectuate the recusal of a judge from an action, a party must submit an affidavit to the
clerk of the Supreme Court of Ohio setting forth the fact of the interest, bias, prejudice or
disqualification. R.C. 2701.03. Appellant did not file an affidavit of bias and prejudice with
the Ohio Supreme Court until July 29, 2020, even after his appeal was denied. Because
appellant did not take advantage of the statutory remedy available to him to effectuate
the disqualification of a judge who he felt was biased against him, we hold that any alleged
error is waived. Moreover, as noted by the trial court, “the record made at the trial that
appellant withdrew his Motion to Suppress belies his arguments of coercion or bias.”
{¶35} Based on the foregoing, we find that the trial court did not err in overruling
appellant’s Petition without a hearing.
{¶36} Appellant’s two assignments of error are, therefore, overruled.
Holmes County, Case No. 21CA001 12
{¶37} Accordingly, the judgment of the Holmes County Court of Common Pleas is
affirmed.
By: Baldwin, P.J.
Hoffman, J. and
Wise, Earle, J. concur.
