[Cite as Moore v. Moore,
2021-Ohio-4010.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
ANDREA MOORE, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
No. 109999
v. :
GREGORY MOORE, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: VACATED; REMANDED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: November 10, 2021
Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Domestic Relations Division
Case No. DR-19-379478
Appearances:
Kohrman Jackson & Krantz L.L.P., and John D. Ramsey,
for appellee.
J.Y. Scott Law, L.L.C., and Jennifer J. Scott; Susan M.
Oates, for appellant.
EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, J.:
Gregory Moore (“Husband”) appeals the judgment of the trial court
and contends that the trial court erred by holding an uncontested trial when he was
not sent appropriate notice and by entering an inequitable division of marital
property. Andrea Moore points to a single entry stating that service was issued.
Admittedly, on the public access docket, there is a notation of 08/06/2020 —
“HEARING SCHEDULED. NOTICE(S) SENT.” However, the certified record from
the Cuyahoga County Clerk of Courts does not include this entry. The record from
the trial court clerk is so deficient that a presumption of regularity is inappropriate.
Accordingly, we vacate the judgment of the trial court and remand this matter for
further proceedings.
I. Factual and Procedural Background
On December 6, 2019, Andrea M. Moore filed an action for divorce in
the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Domestic Relations Division. The
docket shows that Husband was served on December 14, 2019 via the U.S. Postal
Service. No answer was filed to the complaint. On August 5, 2020, the case was set
for an uncontested trial on September 2, 2020. An August 6, 2020 journal entry on
the public docket states: “Hearing Scheduled, Notice(s) Sent[.]”
The trial court issued a final decree of divorce on September 3, 2020.
Husband appealed this judgment and assigned two errors for our review.
II. Law and Analysis
Assignment of Error I: The trial court erred and the appellant was
denied due process when the trial court failed to properly serve a pro se
party notice of the final hearing in the divorce proceeding.
In this assignment of error, Husband contends that the judgment of the
trial court must be reversed because the docket does not indicate that the notice
issued on August 6, 2020 was sent via ordinary mail as required by Civ.R. 75(L).
The rule provides:
In all cases where there is no counsel of record for the adverse party,
the court shall give the adverse party notice of the trial upon the merits.
The notice shall be made by regular mail to the party’s last known
address, and shall be mailed at least seven days prior to the
commencement of trial.
Civ.R. 75(L).
Civ.R. 75(L)’s requirement that courts must provide notice to pro se
parties via regular mail “is mandatory[,] and a trial court commits reversible error
by entering judgment without first providing proper notice.” Shell v. Higgins, 2d
Dist. Darke No. 2017-CA-5, 2017-Ohio-8186, ¶ 12, citing Hightower v. Hightower,
10th Dist. Franklin No. 02AP-37,
2002-Ohio-5488, ¶ 16. In Shell, the Second
District reversed a divorce decree and remanded for a new trial in part because the
trial court did not mail the pro se defendant notice of the hearing to the correct
address.
Shell at ¶ 14, 20. The Second District also explained that, pursuant to
Civ.R. 75(F), the default judgment rule does not apply to divorce proceedings and
defendants may present evidence at a final divorce hearing even if they fail to answer
the divorce complaint. Id. at ¶ 18. Therefore, if he received proper notice, husband
would have been able to present evidence at the trial even though he failed to answer
the complaint. Id.
The public electronic docket and both appellate briefs reference an
August 6, 2020 entry which provides “Hearing Scheduled, Notice(s) Sent[.]”
However, no such entry is within the certified record provided by the clerk. Indeed,
a significant number of the entries described in the briefs and public docket are not
included in the certified record provided to this court notwithstanding a significant
number of entries described by both the appellant and the appellee prior to the
September 2, 2020 hearing. The certified record includes no entries whatsoever
between March 11, 2020 and September 3, 2020. For whatever reason, the certified
copy of the docket wholly fails to document the events immediately preceding the
final judgment in this case.
We must reverse a court of record where the lack of record prevents
effective judicial review. See Vang v. Cleveland, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 104994,
2017-Ohio-4187, ¶ 13 (lack of record prevented “meaningful review”); Wayne Cty.
Sheriff v. Ohio Patrolmen’s Benevolent Assn., 9th Dist. Wayne No. 10CA0036, 2011-
Ohio-2707, ¶ 11 (“The lack of a written record in this case precluded effective judicial
review.”). Here, during the critical period of the case below, the certified record is
entirely devoid of any entries at all.
Our review is limited to the record as defined in App.R. 9. Pollock v.
Trustar Funding, L.L.C., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 107355 and 107679, 2019-Ohio-
3272, ¶ 46. Pursuant to App.R. 9(A)(1), our record on appeal consists of (1) the
“original papers and exhibits thereto filed in the trial court,” (2) “the transcript of
proceedings, if any,” and (3) “a certified copy of the docket and journal entries
prepared by the clerk of the trial court[.]” The trial court’s public docket contains the
docket entry notation on August 6, 2020. However, no docket entries, journal
entries, or written notices are included in the certified copy of the docket and journal
entries prepared by the clerk of court between March 11, 2020 and September 3,
2020. Therefore, the “August 6, 2020 journal entry” is not part of our record on
appeal, and we cannot rely upon it here.
This court remanded this case to the trial court on September 14, 2021
to adjudicate a pending motion to vacate judgment for which the trial court entered
judgment, with dispatch, and the clerk then supplemented the record on
September 22, 2021. However, the additional materials concern events that took
place below after the notice of appeal and are not within the assigned errors nor has
counsel filed an appeal of that decision. Accordingly, this court is without
jurisdiction to consider those filings.
We sustain appellant’s first assignment of error and remand this
matter for retrial.
Assignment of Error II: The trial court erred by issuing a final decree
of divorce without a just and equitable division of the marital estate.
Our resolution of the first assignment of error renders this
assignment of error moot.
This judgment is vacated and the case is remanded to the lower court
for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Each party to bear their own costs.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the
Cuyahoga County Common Pleas Court, Domestic Relations Division, to carry this
judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, JUDGE
MARY J. BOYLE, A.J., CONCURS;
SEAN C. GALLAGHER, J., CONCURS IN JUDGMENT ONLY WITH SEPARATE
ATTACHED OPINION
SEAN C. GALLAGHER, J., CONCURRING IN JUDGMENT ONLY:
I concur in judgment only with the majority opinion. Under the
limited circumstances of this case in which notice is a contested issue, I am
constrained to agree that we cannot presume regularity when the certified record
prepared by the Cuyahoga County Clerk of Courts fails to show notice of the final
divorce hearing was issued to an unrepresented party in accordance with Civ.R.
75(L). Although there are many instances when the court or parties refer to the
public docket, in this case the record on appeal must reflect notice was sent to satisfy
due process.
“Ohio courts have traditionally held that some form of notice of a trial
date is required to satisfy due process.” Sanders v. Blue, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
102447, 2015-Ohio-4376, ¶ 14, citing Ohio Valley Radiology Assocs., Inc. v. Ohio
Valley Hospital Assn.,
28 Ohio St.3d 118, 125,
502 N.E.2d 599 (1986). In Sanders,
following a hearing at which a pro se defendant failed to appear, the defendant
objected and complained that he “was not sent or given service notification of the
trial date[,]” and the trial court vacated the judgment. Id. at ¶ 4, 15. Although a
summary of the docket entries provided on appeal indicated notice was issued, the
entry itself and further additional records as to the mailing of notice of the hearing
were not provided on appeal or a part of the record presented. Id. As a result, this
court presumed regularity in the lower court’s conclusion that proper advance notice
was “not provided.” Id. at ¶ 15.
In this case, the certified record fails to show notice of the final
hearing was provided, and at the time this appeal was filed, no ruling had been made
on appellant’s motion to vacate. There is nothing in the record from which to
presume any regularity. It also is recognized that when this matter was returned to
the trial court, the trial court promptly ruled on matters, which are not before us,
and returned the case to the appellate court. This is a clerk problem, not a trial judge
problem. It is the clerk who compiled and certified the record for appellate review
in this matter in accordance with App.R. 9(A).
Under the circumstances of this case, because the record on appeal
fails to indicate that husband had reasonable notice of the hearing date sufficient to
satisfy minimal due process, I agree the judgment of the trial court should be
vacated.
