[Cite as State v. White,
2021-Ohio-4076.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-210200
TRIAL NO. 20CRB-4795B
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
vs. :
O P I N I O N.
STEPHAN WHITE, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Municipal Court
Judgment Appealed From Is: Reversed and Case Remanded
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: November 17, 2021
Andrew W. Garth, City Solicitor, William T. Horsley, Chief Prosecuting Attorney,
and Jon Vogt, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
Raymond T. Faller, Hamilton County Public Defender, and David Hoffmann,
Assistant Public Defender, for Defendant-Appellant.
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
BOCK, Judge.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Stephan White appeals his criminal-trespass
conviction and raises two assignments of error. White contends that the trial court
violated his constitutional and statutory rights when it denied him a jury trial. White
also contends that his conviction is both unsupported by sufficient evidence and
against the manifest weight of the evidence. Because we find that the trial court
lacked jurisdiction to conduct a bench trial following White’s jury demand, we
reverse the judgment and remand the case to the trial court.
I. Facts and Procedure
{¶2} In March 2020, defendant-appellant Stephan White was charged with
criminal trespassing, a violation of R.C. 2911.21(A)(1),1 for failing to leave a homeless
shelter. White pled not guilty.
{¶3} Before trial, White filed a timely jury demand “on all issues.” Despite
that demand and no subsequent written jury waiver, the trial court proceeded with a
bench trial.
{¶4} The court found White guilty of criminal trespass. The court sentenced
White to 12 days in jail with credit for 12 days served and ordered White to stay away
from the shelter.
II. Assignments of Error
{¶5} White raises two assignments of error. First, he asserts that the trial
court lacked jurisdiction to try him without a jury. Second, White argues that his
conviction was against the manifest weight of the evidence and that the evidence was
insufficient as a matter of law. We find White’s first assignment of error dispositive.
1 White was also charged with failure to disclose personal information. The trial court dismissed
that charge.
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
A. Right to a jury trial
Defendant’s right to a jury trial
{¶6} Crim.R. 23(A) provides, “[i]n petty offense cases, where there is a right
of jury trial, the defendant shall be tried by the court unless he demands a jury trial.
Such demand must be in writing and filed with the clerk of court not less than ten
days prior to the date set for trial, or on or before the third day following receipt of
notice of the date set for trial, whichever is later.”
{¶7} R.C. 2945.17 provides that a defendant has the right to a jury trial for
violating any statute of this state, or any ordinance of any municipal corporation,
except for violations that are minor misdemeanors, do not include the possibility of a
prison or jail term, or carry a possible fine not exceeding $1,000. The Sixth
Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees an accused the right to a
jury trial. State v. Burnside, 186 Ohio App.3d 733,
2010-Ohio-1235,
930 N.E.2d 372,
¶ 45 (2d Dist.). And under Section 5, Article I of the Ohio Constitution, a defendant’s
right to a trial by jury is inviolate.
Id.
{¶8} In a petty-offense case, once the defendant properly demands a jury
trial under Crim.R. 23, the defendant may waive the right to a jury trial only in
writing, signed by the defendant, filed as part of the record, and made in open court.
R.C. 2945.05. When a trial court conducts a bench trial following a valid jury
demand, we review the proceedings to determine if the court strictly complied with
the statutory requirements under R.C. 2945.05. State v. Sweeting, 2019-Ohio-2360,
138 N.E.3d 567, ¶ 12 (1st Dist.).
{¶9} Without strict compliance with R.C. 2945.05’s requirements, a jury
trial demand strips the trial court of its jurisdiction to conduct a bench trial. State v.
Pless, 74 Ohio St.3d 333,
658 N.E.2d 766 (1996), paragraph one of the syllabus.
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
The trial court lacked authority to try White without a jury
{¶10} White argues that the trial court lacked authority to try him without a
jury. The state concedes the error. We agree.
{¶11} White was charged with criminal trespass and failure to disclose
personal information—two fourth degree misdemeanors. R.C. 2911.21(D)(1) and
2921.29(B). Both petty offenses carried the possibility of incarceration. R.C.
2929.24(A)(4). Accordingly, White had a right to a jury trial. He asserted that right
in writing, in compliance with Crim.R. 23.
{¶12} The record lacks any indication that White attempted, or desired, to
waive his right to a jury trial in writing or in open court. Once White demanded a
jury trial under Crim.R. 23, the trial court was required to strictly comply with R.C.
2945.05. It did not do so; therefore, White did not waive his right to a jury trial. The
trial court lacked jurisdiction to try White without a jury. Accordingly, we sustain
White’s first assignment of error.
III. Conclusion
{¶13} The trial court lacked jurisdiction to try White without a jury. White’s
first assignment of error is sustained. White’s remaining assignment of error is moot
and we do not address it.
{¶14} We reverse the trial court’s judgment and remand this case to the trial
court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Judgment reversed and case remanded.
ZAYAS, P.J., and MYERS, J., concur.
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
Please note:
The court has recorded its entry on the date of the release of this opinion.
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