In re D.C.

[Cite as In re D.C., 

.]


                               COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

                             EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA

IN RE D.C.                                    :
                                              :              Nos. 115133 and 115139
A Minor Child                                 :


                                JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION

                 JUDGMENT: VACATED AND REMANDED
                 RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: November 13, 2025


            Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
                                   Juvenile Division
                        Case No. DL23114106 and DL24101837


                                        Appearances:

                 Cullen Sweeney, Cuyahoga County Public Defender, and
                 Britta Barthol, Assistant Public Defender, for appellant.

                 Michael C. O’Malley, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting
                 Attorney, and Tyler W. Blair and Michael R. Wajda,
                 Assistant Prosecuting Attorneys, for appellee.


DEENA R. CALABRESE, J.:

                Appellant D.C. appeals the disposition of the Cuyahoga County Court of

Common Pleas, Juvenile Division (“juvenile court”), ordering his commitment to an

Ohio Department of Youth Services (“ODYS”) juvenile detention facility for a

minimum of one year. Appellant argues that the juvenile court abused its discretion

in ordering confinement rather than a less severe alternative. He further argues that

he was denied his right to allocution before disposition. We find merit to appellant’s
allocution argument. Accordingly, we vacate the juvenile court’s disposition and

remand the matter so appellant may be afforded the opportunity to be heard prior

to disposition.

I.   Facts and Procedural History

      A. Charges Pertaining to Jane Does 1 and 2

             On December 19, 2023, the Cuyahoga County Prosecutor’s Office

charged appellant with multiple offenses, that if committed by an adult would be

felonies, relating to sexual misconduct involving two different child victims. The

charges stemmed from events occurring when appellant was 14 and 15 years old.

The first three counts related to Jane Doe 1, a victim who was 12 years of age at the

time the incident occurred in November 2020:

      Count 1: Rape in violation of R.C. 2907.02(A)(2) (victim compelled to
      submit by force or threat of force), a felony of the first degree;

      Count 2: Rape in violation of R.C. 2907.02(A)(1)(b) (victim less than
      thirteen years of age), a first-degree felony; and

      Count 3: Abduction in violation of R.C. 2905.02(B) (restraint with
      sexual motivation), a felony of the third degree.

             The remaining four counts related to Jane Doe 2, a victim who was 15

years of age at the time of the incidents referenced in the charges, which were alleged

to have occurred in November 2020 and February 2021:

      Count 4: Rape in violation of R.C. 2907.02(A)(2) (victim compelled to
      submit by force or threat of force), a felony of the first degree;

      Count 5: Abduction in violation of R.C. 2905.02(B) (restraint with
      sexual motivation), a felony of the third degree;
      Count 6: Gross sexual imposition in violation of R.C. 2907.05(A)(1)
      (victim compelled to submit by force or threat of force), a felony of the
      fourth degree; and

      Count 7: Abduction in violation of R.C. 2905.02(B) (restraint with
      sexual motivation), a felony of the third degree.

      B. Charges Pertaining to Jane Doe 3

             On February 22, 2024, the Cuyahoga County Prosecutor’s Office

charged appellant with additional felonies related to sexual misconduct involving a

third child victim. That victim was 14 years of age at the time of the incident in June

2023. The charges consisted of two counts:

      Count 1: Rape in violation of R.C. 2907.02(A)(2) (victim compelled to
      submit by force or threat of force), a felony of the first degree; and

      Count 2: Rape in violation of R.C. 2907.02(A)(1)(c) (substantialimpairment rape), a felony of the first degree.

      C. Adjudicatory Hearing

             The juvenile court held a hearing on November 13, 2024, to enter an

agreed adjudication on the record. Pursuant to a plea agreement negotiated in

advance of the adjudicatory hearing, certain charges were amended and other

charges were nolled. Specifically, with respect to the first set of charges stemming

from incidents occurring in 2020 and 2021, Count 2 was amended to gross sexual

imposition in violation of R.C. 2907.05(A)(4), a felony of the third degree. Counts 1,

3-5, and 7 were then nolled on the condition that appellant admit to Count 2 as

amended and Count 6 as written (gross sexual imposition in violation of R.C.

2907.05(A)(1), a felony of the fourth degree).
             With respect to the second set of charges, which concerned an incident

in 2023, Count 1 was amended to gross sexual imposition in violation of R.C.

2907.05(A)(1), a felony of the fourth degree. The State agreed to nolle Count 2 on

the condition that appellant admit to Count 1 as amended.

             Following an extensive colloquy regarding, inter alia, the rights

appellant would be waiving by admitting to the amended charges, the juvenile court

indicated that it was “ready for [its] allocution” and took a recess. (Nov. 13, 2024 tr.

19.) Upon resuming, the trial court immediately addressed the prosecutor:

      THE COURT: [A]s I have another proceeding to attend to trial for this,
      [prosecutor], with regard the case ending in 837, what was the State of
      Ohio prepared to show?

(Nov. 13, 2024 tr. 19.) Defense counsel immediately interrupted and engaged in the

following exchange with the juvenile court:

      [DEFENSE COUNSEL]: Your Honor, I believe my client is prepared to
      allocute, but I certainly understand that the Court had just called upon
      the State, so I would ask the Court for that permission at this time.

      THE COURT: I will hear an allocution. I realize that at times, children
      do not understand that that is also part of the process, even though it is
      part of the explanation. And finding the words at times can be
      challenging for all parties involved. But since time is of the essence and
      this matter will be adjudicated, and should he be adjudicated
      delinquent, will be referred for assessment. What [D.C.] needs to
      understand is there will be the same question that will be posed by the
      assessor. [Prosecutor], I’ll hear your proffer.

(Nov. 13, 2024 tr. 19-20.)

             The State then proffered the basis for the charges on the record. As to

Jane Doe 3, the State alleged penile penetration of Jane Doe 3’s vagina while she

was unconscious and unable to consent.          The juvenile court asked appellant
whether, understanding that this was what the State intended to show at trial, he

still wished to admit to the amended charge. He confirmed that he did. (Nov. 13,

2024 tr. 20-21.) With respect to Jane Doe 1, the State indicated it was prepared to

prove that appellant forcefully engaged in fellatio with the 12-year-old victim. With

respect to Jane Doe 2, the State indicated it was prepared to prove that appellant

went into a high school girls’ bathroom and touched Jane Doe 2 “all over her body,

including her private areas, her breasts and her vagina against her will.” (Nov. 13,

2024 tr. 24.) The juvenile court again asked appellant to confirm he still intended

to admit to the amended charge, “understanding that that’s what the State was

prepared to show.” (Nov. 13, 2024 tr. 24-25.) Appellant replied, “Yes, Your Honor.”

(Nov. 13, 2024 tr. 25.)

             The juvenile court found appellant “delinquent as to all admitted

counts,” continued the case for disposition, and referred appellant for a probation

department investigation and juvenile sex offender assessment. (Nov. 13, 2024 tr.

25.)

       D. Dispositional Hearing

              The juvenile court held a dispositional hearing on April 24, 2025. It

first heard a written statement from the victim of the 2023 assault, Jane Doe 3, read

aloud by a victim advocate. She described being at the end of her freshman year

when the assault occurred. In addition to the confusion and pain she felt in the

immediate aftermath of the incident and over the summer, she feared returning to

school in the fall despite weekly therapy, writing that she “thought the task of going
back to school would be manageable, but it wasn’t.” (Apr. 24, 2025 tr. 6.) She

instead attended school online because she feared seeing appellant. She felt both

“hopeless and helpless” and wrote that she did not “think any punishment for

[appellant] will ever amount to the emotional trauma and stress he put [her]

through.” (Apr. 24, 2025 tr. 7.)

             Jane Doe 3’s mother, who was present at the dispositional hearing,

then addressed the juvenile court. She told the court that for months she was afraid

that she would come home to find her daughter dead by suicide. “She lost her joy.

She lost her laugh. . . . [N]o mother and no child should ever have to endure this type

of pain and suffering at the hand of a sexual predator in their school community.”

(Apr. 24, 2025 tr. 8.) The victim’s mother stated that her “daughter’s virginity and

dignity and childhood were stolen from her at 14.” (Apr. 24, 2025 tr. 8.)

              Next to address the juvenile court was the mother of Jane Doe 2, who

described her daughter as having “attended the last hearing and unfortunately had

some anxiety about coming back today.” (Apr. 24, 2025 tr. 9.) She read a statement

from her daughter, who indicated she would “not forget what [appellant] did to

[her],” that she “still struggle[s],” and that her life would “never be the same.”

(Apr. 24, 2025 tr. 9-10.) She described telling appellant “no,” but that “it didn’t get

into his head.” (Apr. 24, 2025 tr. 9.) The victim’s mother indicated that Jane Doe 2

had chosen to finish school online because of the assault. “She missed her prom,

she missed her graduation, and all the other experiences that she should have had

during her time in high school.” (Apr. 24, 2025 tr. 10.) She ceased school activities
and would hide in the school bathroom. She underwent mental-health treatment,

but also once went to an emergency room on her own, apparently because of suicidal

ideations. (Apr. 24, 2025 tr. 10-11.)

              The court next heard from the probation officer who prepared a report

and recommendation. She acknowledged that it was going to be “very difficult to

give the report . . . after hearing what the victim[s] had to say because it’s literally

night and day.” (Apr. 24, 2025 tr. 11-12.) Pressed by the juvenile court on what she

meant by “night and day,” the probation officer described appellant’s gainful

employment and stable, supportive family life. She explained that “the report is

nothing but good things[,] . . . [b]ut then we have the victims here that paint a whole

different side of him.” (Apr. 24, 2025 tr. 12.) When asked about her review of the

sexual offender assessment, the probation officer indicated she had issues because

appellant still “denies the offenses.” (Apr. 24, 2025 tr. 13.) She therefore questioned

whether appellant was actually taking responsibility for his actions. Asked by the

juvenile court for her recommendation, the probation officer stated:

      We do know that he’s 19, I believe. So there’s really, in the juvenile
      system, what do we do? I do think a referral to the PROTECT program
      with OhioGuidestone should be available to him and completing that
      program.

      Anything else, maybe out of the scope of probation, and we’ll defer to
      the Court for that, Your Honor.

(Apr. 24, 2025 tr. 14.)
              The State then addressed the court, noting the severity of the offenses

and the victim-impact statements.       It also specifically highlighted appellant’s

purported refusal to take responsibility for his actions:

      There’s — if he’s not gonna take accountability for these, he’s not
      learning anything. And we understand that the point of Juvenile Court
      a lot is rehabilitation, but you cannot be rehabilitated for things you
      refuse to be — take accountability for.

      He still, according to the report, has no understanding of consent,
      which is the foundation of any sexual relationship we have. How can
      he be trusted in the community if he does not understand consent? He
      — it was also noted that his claim to have no sexual thoughts may be a
      denial of what’s happening.

(Apr. 24, 2025 tr. 15-16.) The State therefore urged that appellant be sentenced to a

term at ODYS.

              Appellant’s counsel spoke on his behalf. He did not minimize the

offenses but did attempt to dilute the perception that appellant did not accept

responsibility, arguing that it stemmed from his client’s “confusion” with respect to

distinctions between offenses:

      And I believe the confusion is, and he’ll explain, Your Honor, as far as
      what happened there, he was — has always been adamant that he did
      not rape.

      ...

      And that’s what the confusion is when he goes and talks with a lot of
      individuals that — necessary for the assessments, is he’s still thinking
      of that charge. But he understands that he put himself in a situation,
      especially when someone is extremely intoxicated and doesn’t
      remember anything, and himself in there, that he did the acts that he
      pled to.

      And in those acts, he’s taken full — or wants to take full responsibility.
(Emphasis added.) (Apr. 24, 2025 tr. 17-18.) Appellant’s counsel emphasized

appellant’s employment, his involvement with his church, and the lack of other

charges. He urged the court to impose a sanction focused on rehabilitation rather

than punishment.

              After appellant’s counsel concluded, the court asked appellant himself

only a single question:

      THE COURT: [D.C.], for the three separate occasions, how many times
      was alcohol involved?

      [D.C.]: One, Your Honor.

(Apr. 24, 2025 tr. 21.)

              The juvenile court then immediately proceeded to its final remarks

and disposition. It pointedly referred to appellant as neither “delinquent” nor a

“youth” or “child,” but rather as “an offender.” (Apr. 24, 2025 tr. 22.) It stated that

this was “not the first time” that the juvenile court had “dealt with an offender . . .

who denied what happened, and yet at the same time admitted what happened.”

(Apr. 24, 2025 tr. 22.) It remarked that there were “too many circumstances” and

“too many victims.” (Apr. 24, 2025 tr. 22.)

              With respect to Cuyahoga J.C. No. DL23114106, as to Count 2, the

juvenile court committed appellant to the ODYS for a minimum of six months, not

to exceed his 21st birthday. With respect to Count 6 in that case, it likewise

committed appellant to the ODYS for a minimum of six months, not to exceed his

21st birthday. Counts 2 and 6 in DL23114106 were to run concurrently.
              With respect to Cuyahoga J.C. No. DL24101837, as to Count 1, the

juvenile court committed appellant to the ODYS for a minimum of six months, not

to exceed his 21st birthday. The commitments to the ODYS in DL23114106 and

DL24101837 were ordered to be served consecutively, resulting in a minimum term

of one year. The juvenile court also ordered appellant to participate in juvenile sex

offender therapy. It concluded the proceeding:

      [THE COURT:] On that note, Court costs are assessed. Warrant to
      convey is issued. Deputy, you may take him away. Good luck to you.
      We’re off the record.

(Apr. 24, 2025 tr. 24.)

              In a subsequent journal entry, the juvenile court stated that it had

reviewed both the probation report and the juvenile sex offender assessment in

reaching its conclusions on disposition.

II. Assignments of Error

              Appellant raises two assignment of errors for our review:

      Assignment of Error I:

      The trial court abused its discretion in determining that a commitment
      to the Ohio Department of Youth Services was the appropriate
      disposition for D.C.

      Assignment of Error II:

      The juvenile court erred when it violated D.C.’s right of allocution by
      not giving him an opportunity to speak on his own behalf prior to
      committing him to the Ohio Department of Youth Services.

              We address appellant’s assignments of error out of order and find that

his second assignment of error has merit. Because the remedy in this circumstance
is to vacate the juvenile court’s order of disposition and remand for a new

dispositional hearing, the resolution of appellant’s second assignment of error

renders his first assignment of error moot.

III. Analysis

      A. Assignment of Error II

              Crim.R. 32(A) provides that before imposing sentence in a criminal

trial, the trial court shall “address the defendant personally and ask if he or she

wishes to make a statement in his or her own behalf or present any information in

mitigation of punishment.” “The Ohio Supreme Court has held that the provisions

of Crim.R. 32(A) are mandatory in both capital and noncapital cases, absent invited

error or harmless error.” Garfield Hts. v. J.P., 

 (8th Dist.),

citing State v. Campbell, 

 (2000), paragraph two of the syllabus.

              “Although not governed by Crim.R. 32, a juvenile has a right to

allocution similar to an adult.” In re S.D., 

 (8th Dist.), citing

J.P. at ¶ 8. See also In re R.D.G., 

, ¶ 18 (12th Dist.). In the absence

of invited error or harmless error, a trial court’s imposition of a sentence without

first asking the defendant if they wish to exercise their right to allocution requires

resentencing. In re S.D. at ¶ 33.

              The State argues that any error was harmless. First, it contends that

appellant had the opportunity to allocute at his adjudicatory hearing but failed to do

so. The transcript, however, flatly contradicts the State’s argument that the juvenile

court “requested Appellant to allocate [sic] as to the offenses, but Appellant declined
to speak.” (State’s brief at p. 2.) Following a colloquy with appellant regarding his

constitutional rights, the juvenile court asked the prosecutor for a proffer. Defense

counsel actually interrupted the court, apparently seeking an opportunity for

appellant to allocute even though the case had not reached the point of dispositional

proceedings. The juvenile court did not entertain that request, indicating that “time

is of the essence,” that appellant would be “referred for assessment,” and that “the

same question . . . will be posed by the assessor.” (Tr. 20.) It then told the

prosecutor: “[Prosecutor], I’ll hear your proffer.”        While the juvenile court

subsequently confirmed with appellant that he still wished to admit responsibility

with respect to the remaining and amended charges after hearing the State’s proffer,

it did not solicit an allocution pertaining to mitigation at the adjudicatory hearing.

               Moreover, at the conclusion of the adjudicatory hearing, the case was

continued for disposition. Allocution, in this context, “represents a defendant’s last

opportunity to plead his case or express remorse.” (Emphasis added.) J.P., 2006-

Ohio-4590, at ¶ 7 (8th Dist.). That “last opportunity” was the dispositional hearing

held several months later, not the adjudicatory hearing.

               Second, the State argues, as it did in In re S.D., 

 (8th

Dist.), that allocution could not possibly have changed the outcome of the

dispositional hearing. As this court wrote in In re S.D., the State essentially

contends that the denial of allocution was harmless because “no matter what

appellant would have said, it would not have altered the sentence imposed by the

trial court.” Id. at ¶ 34.
              The In re S.D. Court rejected that argument because it was “clear from

the record that the trial court considered appellant’s silence when adjudicating this

matter.” Id. More specifically — and such specificity is critical when comparing In

re S.D. to the present case — “the trial court relied on appellant’s lack of remorse

during disposition,” remarking that it had not heard “any words of remorse or

contrition.” Id. at ¶ 35. This court, rejecting the State’s arguments, wrote:

      Those words of contrition the court was looking for normally come, if
      at all, at the sentencing or dispositional hearing after the defendant is
      given the opportunity to make a statement. The fact that appellant was
      not afforded that right, and this was later used against him, indicates
      that the failure to afford appellant an opportunity to speak was not
      harmless error.

Id.

              The State attempts to distinguish In re S.D. from the present case,

where the record does not specifically indicate that the juvenile court considered

appellant’s silence or, more precisely, the lack of “words of contrition,” in its

disposition. Appellant’s purported refusal to accept responsibility for his actions,

however, was a consistent theme throughout the dispositional hearing.              For

example, even though the probation officer initially recommended outpatient

treatment, she noted that according to Dr. Monford — who conducted the juvenile

sex offender assessment — appellant still “denies the offenses,” which “would mean

he’s not taken responsibility for any of this.” (Apr. 24, 2025 tr. 13.) The juvenile

court followed up by asking the probation officer whether, “as a result of the services

that [Dr. Monford] had been contracted and rendered in the report, for this Court,
have you ever known or learned that she misrepresented something?” (Apr. 24,

2025 tr. 14.) The probation officer responded in the negative.1 The State’s closing

remarks in support of commitment to ODYS likewise relied heavily on appellant’s

purported lack of remorse, arguing that one “cannot be rehabilitated for things you

refuse to . . . take accountability for.” (Apr. 24, 2025 tr. 15.)

               While appellant’s counsel spoke on his behalf, his remarks suggested

that he expected the juvenile court to permit allocution. Referring to his client,

counsel indicated that “he’ll explain, Your Honor,” that he “wants to take full

responsibility.” (Apr. 24, 2025 tr. 17-18.) Appellant had just heard extremely

moving victim-impact statements recounting lives devastated by his actions. The

juvenile court nevertheless gave appellant no opportunity to address the court,

personally and directly, to express remorse for his actions or to respond to the

overarching theme that he did not accept responsibility. The juvenile court’s

remarks before announcing its disposition were more terse than in In re S.D., 2014-

Ohio-2528 (8th Dist.), but they included the statement this was “not the first time”

that the court had “dealt with an offender . . . who denied what happened, and yet at

the same time admitted what happened.” (Apr. 24, 2025 tr. 22.)

               The juvenile court erroneously deprived appellant of his “last

opportunity to plead his case or express remorse.” J.P., 

 (8th

Dist.). In light of the heavy emphasis during the dispositional hearing on appellant’s


       1 As noted previously, the juvenile court’s dispositional journal entry indicated that

the court had reviewed both the probation report and the juvenile sex offender assessment
in reaching its conclusions on disposition.
purported lack of remorse and the juvenile court’s explicit reference to his continued

denials, we cannot find that the error was harmless. The juvenile court’s failure to

afford appellant an opportunity to speak on his own behalf prior to disposition

requires reversal. On remand, the juvenile court must advise appellant of his right

to allocution and afford appellant the opportunity to speak prior to disposition.

      B. Assignment of Error I

              Because our resolution of appellant’s second assignment of error

requires a remand for a new dispositional hearing, his first assignment of error is

moot. See J.P. at ¶ 10; State v. Morris, 

 (8th Dist.);

Middleburg Hts. v. Sefcik, 

 (8th Dist.).

              Appellant’s disposition in the juvenile court is vacated. The matter is

remanded to the juvenile court for a dispositional hearing wherein appellant is

afforded the right of allocution.

      It is ordered that appellant recover from appellee costs herein taxed.

      The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

      It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the

common pleas court, juvenile division, to carry this judgment into execution.

      A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27

of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.



DEENA R. CALABRESE, JUDGE

MICHELLE J. SHEEHAN, P.J., and
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, J., CONCUR