22 U.S.C. § 223
Section 223 · 223 to 229. Repealed. June 27, 1952, ch. 477, title IV, 403(a)(15), (20), (43), 66 Stat. 279, 280
Applied in 34 court decisions — leading case Shaughnessy v. United States Ex Rel. Mezei (1953)
Most recently applied in Avila v. Rivkind (November 1989)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Section 223, acts May 22, 1918, ch. 81, 1, 40 Stat. 559; June 21, 1941, ch. 210, 1, 55 Stat. 252, related to wartime restrictions generally. See section 1185 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. Section 224, act May 22, 1918, ch. 81, 2, 40 Stat. 559, related to requirement of passport for citizens during wartime restrictions. See section 1185 of Title 8. Section 225, acts May 22, 1918, ch. 81, 3, 40 Stat. 559; June 21, 1941, ch. 210, 2, 55 Stat. 253, related to penalty for violation of wartime restrictions. See section 1185 of Title 8. Section 226, acts May 22, 1918, ch. 81, 4, 40 Stat. 559; June 21, 1941, ch. 210, 2a, 55 Stat. 253, related to definition of United States and person as used in wartime restriction. See section 1185 of Title 8. Section 226a, act May 22, 1918, ch. 81, 5, as added June 21, 1941, ch. 210, 3, 55 Stat 253, related to permit as guarantee of admission to the United States. See section 1185 of Title 8. Section 226b, act May 22, 1918, ch. 81, 6, as added June 21, 1941, ch. 210, 3, 55 Stat. 253, related to proclamation, rule, etc., as bar to prosecution. See section 1185 of Title 8. Section 227, act Mar. 2, 1921, ch. 113, 1, 41 Stat. 1217, related to continuation of regulations as to alien passport requirements. Sections 228 and 229, act June 20, 1941, ch. 209, 1, 2, 55 Stat. 252, related to refusal of vises to aliens whose admission might endanger the public safety, and to rules and regulations governing this refusal. See section 1102 of Title 8.