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256 Ind. 512

269 N.E.2d 874

State v. Smithers

Indiana Supreme Court

Decided June 7, 1971

Indiana Supreme Court · decided 1971-06-07

Relies on MIMS v. State · Patterson v. State · Patterson v. State

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Decided 1971-06-07

How this case has been cited

Cited by 76 later decisions — most recently December 1994 · most notably Lawrence v. State (1978), Luckett v. State (1972)

5 federal appellate · 71 state decisions

490197119801990decided

Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.

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¶1Dissenting Opinion

Arterburn, C.J.

¶2I disagree with the majority opinion for the reason that no search is involved in this case, and there is nothing in the Constitution which prevents an officer or anyone else from picking up something from the street that has been abandoned or thrown away by a defendant or any third party. I go further and state that this includes articles thrown away in the act of excitement or fear, whatever the cause may be. In Von Hauger v. State (1971), 255 Ind. 666, 266 N. E. 2d 197, the defendant dropped a package containing hypodermic needles and other apparatus used in drug injections and walked away when he saw the law enforcement officers. We held that the evidence so obtained was admissible. In Mims et al. v. State (1957), 236 Ind. 439, 140 N. E. 2d 878, the defendants threw jewelry which they had recently stolen out of the automobile in which they were fleeing.- This was picked up by law enforcement officers. We held this sufficient circumstantial evidence to support the conviction (See *520also Patterson v. State (1970), 253 Ind. 499, 262 N. E. 2d 520).

¶3The defendant in this case was not searched nor seized. He was merely asked for his identification and driver’s license. I think a police officer, and particularly a traffic officer, has not only the right, but at times the duty, to ask for the driver’s license. In particular, I am thinking about road blocks that are necessary to be set up for the apprehension of fleeing criminals. Anything abandoned by fleeing persons is entirely open to seizure by anyone including police officers. The majority opinion is an unnecessary restriction upon law enforcement activities where a guilty conscience causes the party to flee or abandon articles which are incriminating. Again, I say there is no constitutional prohibition against the entry of the evidence which the appellant threw away or discarded in this case. It is an uncalled for stretching of the prohibition against unreasonable searches.

¶4Note. — Reported in 269 N. E. 2d 874.

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