Sands v. Runyon’s Empirical Analysis
28 F.3d 1323 · 1994
Citation profile
29 federal appellate · 6 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 82 later decisions — most recently February 2017 · most notably Reed v. Aw Lawrence & Co Inc (1996), Weixel v. Board of Education (2002)
29 federal appellate · 6 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 29 U.S.C. § 701 (Employment Opportunities for Individuals With Disabilities Act) · 29 U.S.C. § 794A · 42 U.S.C. § 1988 · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 717 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 704 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 706 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on Hensley v. Eckerhart · Landgraf v. USI Film Products · Albemarle Paper Co. v. Moody · Franks v. Bowman Transportation Co. · Marek v. Chesny
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 82 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[T]he Postal Service made an offer of judgment in December 1992 that would have given plaintiff a back pay award equal to the amount calculated by his own expert, and paying his attorney one-half of her requested fees. The district court remarked that this offer was strikingly similar to the court's eventual judgment in 1993. This is a factor a court may use in considering the attorney's fee award.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(i) a plaintiff was engaged in protected activity; (ii) the alleged retaliator knew that plaintiff was involved in protected activity; (iii) an adverse decision or course of action was taken against plaintiff; and (iv) a causal connection exists between the protected activity and the adverse action.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“to prevent an employer from attempting ‘to enjoy an interest-free loan for as long as it can delay paying out back wages’____ Therefore, ... ‘it is ordinarily an abuse of discretion not to include pre-judgment interest in a back-pay award.’... Given that the purpose of back pay is to make the plaintiff whole, it can only be achieved if interest is compounded.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.