People v. Van Smith

¶1The deféndant was convicted by a jury in Detroit’s Recorder’s Court of breaking and entering a business place with intent to commit larceny.1

¶2. His appeal to the Court of Appeals and to this Court raises the question of the propriety of the trial court’s refusal to instruct the jury on the lesser included offenses of entering without breaking with intent to commit larceny23and entering without breaking without permission.®

¶3In its opinion affirming the conviction, the Court of Appeals4 noted the trial court’s error in failing to recognize entry without breaking and entry without permission as lesser offenses included in the principal charge, but excused his refusal to instruct on them on the ground that the request was not made before the judge commenced his charge to the jury and hence was not timely.

¶4We hold that such interpretation of GCR 1963, *460516 is unwarranted and erroneous and that the requested charge should have been given.

¶5There is no question here, as there was in People v Wynn, 386 Mich 627 (1972), whether there was in fact a request to charge. The following colloquy took place immediately after the court instructed the jury:

"The Court: …

"Now you will retire to the jury room and enter into full discussion of the case. Do not begin your deliberations as there may be further instructions. I’ll instruct you when to begin your deliberations.

"You may retire to the jury room.

♦ # *

"The Court: Are the People satisfied with the instructions?

"Mr. La Bret [assistant prosecuting attorney]: Yes, your Honor.

"Mr. Fink [attorney for defendant]: Your Honor, what about lesser and included offenses involved in this?

"The Court: Well, what would there be?

"Mr. La Bret: Entering without breaking. Is that an included offense?

"The Court: He said he wasn’t going to steal anything so there’s no lesser offense that I can see.

"What lesser offense would there be? He wasn’t committing any crime at all according to him.

"Mr. Fink: Entering without owner’s permission.

…

"The Court: Well, I’ll deny it. There was no request prior to this.

"Anything else?

…

"The Court: All right. Open the jury room door.

"There are no further instructions. You may begin your deliberations.”

¶6*461This was a request to charge, made before the jury began deliberations, which was denied by the court.

¶7The trial court’s responsibility for instructing the jury as contained in MCLA 768.29; MSA 28.1052 is:

"The court shall instruct the jury as to the law applicable to the case … . The failure of the court to instruct oh any point of law shall not be ground for setting aside the verdict of the jury unless such instruction is requested by the accused.”

¶8The law is well established that where a request has been made the duty of the trial judge is determined by the evidence. If the record contains evidence which would support a conviction of a lesser included offense it is reversible error to refuse to give it. People v Jones, 273 Mich 430 (1935).

¶9In the case before us the record contains the defendant’s testimony that he entered the building without breaking in order to get his companion to leave. Miscellaneous papers and the plant manager’s bank book were on his person at the time of his apprehension.

¶10Under these circumstances a jury verdict of guilty to the charge of entry without breaking with intent to commit a larceny, or entry without the owner’s permission would have been clearly sustainable and hence it was error to refuse his request for instruction to that effect.

¶11The Court of Appeals held that the request was not timely made because it was not made before the instruction to the jury was begun.

¶12Neither in the statute nor the applicable court rule, GCR 1963, 516 is the time for such request prescribed. The statute, MCLA 768.29 quoted above, simply charges the court with the responsibility for instructing the jury. The court rule *462provides that written requests should be made at or before the close of evidence, but neither forecloses oral requests nor limits the time for making them.

¶13That part of the rule (516.2) which touches objections, precludes assigning as error the giving or failing to give an instruction only if the objection is not made before the jury retires to consider its verdict. Here the request was made before the jury began its deliberations, and although no formal objection was made we hold it was not necessary. See People v Shirk, 383 Mich 180, 193 (1970).

¶14In People v Wynn, supra,where a majority of this Court found that no request had in fact been made, there was dicta to the effect that a request for instruction had to be in writing under GCR 1963. We now hold that the court’s obligation to instruct the jury on the applicable law gives rise to a right in the jury to be properly instructed whether requested by counsel or not, and whether or not any request be in writing. When the evidence would support a conviction on lesser included offenses the court’s failure to instruct thereon can neither be excused nor waived by the parties.

¶15Reversed and remanded for new trial.