42 U.S.C. § 1
Section 1 · 1 to 1j. Repealed. July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title XIII, 1313, 58 Stat. 714
Applied in 32 court decisions — leading case In Design v. K-Mart Apparel Corp. (1994)
Most recently applied in Sara Watts v. Joggers Run Property Owners Association, Inc. (April 2025)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Section 1, acts July 1, 1902, ch. 1370, 1, 32 Stat. 712; Aug. 14, 1912, ch. 288, 1, 37 Stat. 309, provided that Public Health and Marine Hospital Service should be known as the Public Health Service. See section 202 of this title. Section 1a, act Nov. 11, 1943, ch. 298, 1, 57 Stat. 587, provided for organization and function of Public Health Service. See section 203 of this title. Section 1b, act Nov. 11, 1943, ch. 298, 2, 57 Stat. 587, provided for appointment of Assistant Surgeons General, their grade, pay, and allowances. See sections 206, 207, and 210 of this title. Section 1c, act Nov. 11, 1943, ch. 298, 3, 57 Stat. 587, provided for chiefs of divisions, their grade, pay and allowances, and creation of a Dental Division and a Sanitary Engineering Division. See sections 206, 207, and 210 of this title. Section 1d, act Nov. 11, 1943, ch. 298, 4, 57 Stat. 587, provided for temporary promotions in regular corps in time of war. See section 211 of this title. Section 1e, act Nov. 11, 1943, ch. 298, 5, 58 Stat. 588, provided for review of record of officers above grade of assistant surgeon and their separation from service. See section 211 of this title. Section 1f, act Nov. 11, 1943, ch. 298, 6, 58 Stat. 588, provided for an acting Surgeon General during absence of Surgeon General and Assistant to Surgeon General. See section 206 of this title. Section 1g, act Nov. 11, 1943, ch. 298, 7, 57 Stat. 588, provided for death and disability benefits of commissioned officers during war and for transfer of Service to military forces. See sections 213 and 217 of this title. Section 1h, act Nov. 11, 1943, ch. 298, 8, 57 Stat. 589, provided for commissioned officers benefits as civil officers and employees of United States and election of benefits. See Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Section 1i, act Nov. 11, 1943, ch. 298, 9, 57 Stat. 589, provided for beneficiaries benefits where commissioned officer lost his life on active duty between Dec. 7, 1941, and Nov. 11, 1943. Section 1j, act Nov. 11, 1943, ch. 298, 11, 57 Stat. 589, provided for transfer of appropriations to continue transferred functions. See note set out under section 201 of this title.