42 U.S.C. § 12133
Section 12133 · Enforcement
This is § 203 of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
Amended 1 time on record
The circuits are split over this section — Whether Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act applies to employment discrimination claims
Applied in 306 court decisions — leading case Tennessee v. Lane (2004)
Most recently applied in A. J. T. v. Osseo Area Schools, Independent School Dist. No. 279 (June 2025)
Cases citing this section usually also cite 42 U.S.C. § 12132 · 29 U.S.C. § 794 · 42 U.S.C. § 12101
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
The remedies, procedures, and rights set forth in section 794a of title 29 shall be the remedies, procedures, and rights this subchapter provides to any person alleging discrimination on the basis of disability in violation of section 12132 of this title.